DEPARTMENTS OF STATE. DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

Secretary of State for Canada, Hon. J. A. Chapleau,
Q.C., LL.D., $7,000.

Under Secretary of State, Grant Powell, $3,200.
Chief Clerk, Henry J. Morgan, $2,400.
Registry Branch.

Deputy Registrar-General, L. A. Catellier, $2,400.
Keeper of Records, Alphonse Audet, $2,100.

Queen's Printer's Branch.

Queen's Printer, Lt. Col. Brown Chamberlin, C.M.G., $2,400.

Stationery Branch.

Chief Clerk, Jas. Young, $1,800.

Board for the Examination of Candidates for admission to the Civil Service of Canada, John Thorburn, LL.D. (Chairman); A. D. Dé Celles (Joint Librarian to Parliament); Peter Le Sueur, (Secretary).

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT.

Minister of Customs, Hon. Mackenzie Bowell, $7,000,
Assistant Commissioner, W. G. Parmelee, $2,400.
Commissioner of Customs, J. Johnson, $4,000.
Chief Clerk of Statistics, J. Barry, $1,800."

RAILWAYS AND CANALS.

Minister of Railways and Canals, Hon. J. H. Pops. Deputy Minister, T. Trudeau, C.E., $4,400. Secretary, A. P. Bradley $2,400.

Chief Engineer of Canals, John Page, C.E., $4,500. Chief Engineer of Government Railways in operation, &c., Collingwood Schreiber, C.E., $5,500.

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

Postmaster-General, Hon. John Carling, $7,000.
Deputy ditto, W. H. Griffin, $3,200.
Secretary, William White, $2,800.
Assistant Secretary, W. D. Le Sueur, $2,100.
Accountant, H. A. Wicksteed, $2,400.
Superintendent, Money Order and Savings Bank
Branches, J. C. Stewart, $2,800.
Cashier, J. Ashworth, $2,200.

Deputy ditto, A. M. Burgess, $3,200.
Secretary, John R. Hall, $1,800.

Dominion, Ordnance, and Admiralty Lands Branch.
Surveyor-General, Ed. De Ville, $2,000.

Geological Survey Branch.

Director of Surrey, A. R. C. Selwyn, F.R.S., $4,000. Assistant Directors, Dr. Robt. Bell, Dr. G. M.

Dawson.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

Minister of Justice and Attorney-General, Hon.
J. S. D. Thompson, Q.C., $7,000.
Deputy, G. W. Burbidge, Q.C., $4,000.
Chief Clerk, A. Power, $2,000.

Inspector of Penitentiaries, J. G. Moylan, $2,750.
Commissioner of Dominion Police, A. P. Sherwood.
MOUNTED POLICE OFFICE.

Comptroller, Capt. Fredk. White, $3,200.

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND STATISTICS.

Minister of Agriculture, Hon. John Carling, $7,000.
Deputy, J. C. Taché, M.D., $3,200.
Secretary, John Lowe, $2,500.

Chief Clerk of Patents, A. J. Cambie, $2,400.

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES.

Minister, Hon. A. W. McLelan, $7,000.
Deputy Minister, William Smith, $3,200.
Chief Clerk, John Hardie, $2,300.

General Superintendent of Lights, Joseph Tomlinson,
$2,000.
Accountant,

$2,300.

Agent at Quebec, for Province of Quebec, J. U. Gregory, $2,000.

Minister of Public Works, Sir H. L. Langevin, K.C.M.G., C.B., LL.D., Q.C, $7,000.

Deputy do., G. F. Baillairgé, C.E., $3,200.

Secretary, A. Gobeil, $1,800.

Chief Engineer, Henry F. Perley, C.E., $3,000.
Chief Architect, Thomas Fuller, $3,000.

Members of Board of Official Arbitrators for the
Dominion.

Jas. Cowan (Chairman), Wm. Compton, Joseph
Simard, Henry Muma, $1,000 each.
Secretary, Charles Thibault, $2,000.

INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT.

Minister of Inland Revenue, Hon. John Costigan, $7,000.

Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Edward Miall, $4,000.

Accountant, P. M. Robins, $2,075.

St. John, for Province of New Brunswick,

J. H. Harding, $1,600.

Halifax, for Province of Nova Scotia,
H. W. Johnston, $2,000.

Victoria, for Province of British Columbia,
F. Revely, $1,600.

Charlottetown, for Province of Prince
Edward Island, Wm. Mitchell, $1,000
Chairman of Board of Examiners of Masters and
Mates, Capt. Peter A. Scott, R.N., $1,800.
Examiners, Captains G. A. Mackenzie, E. D. Ashe,
J. Prichard, D. Hunter, William Thomas, R.
Cameron, H. Lewis, T. Killam, and E. Deville,
each $4 per day when on duty.
Clerk to Chairman of Board,

Chairman of Board of Steamboat Inspection, Samuel Risley, $1,800.

Steamboat Inspectors, W. M. Smith, (Deputy Chairman) $1,400; W. J. Meneilley, $1,200; John Burgess, $1,200; Joseph Taylor, £1,000; F. X. Befort, $1,000; Josephi Samson, $1,000; Thonias Westgarth, $750.

Superintendent of Meteorological Office and Director of Magnetic Observatory, C. Carpmael, M.A., $2,000.

Superintendents of Lights, James Mitchell, $1,200; Daniel M. Browne, R.N., $1,200; William Barbour, $1,000; and Patrick Harty, $1,000. Superintendent of Fish-breeding Establishment, Samuel Wilmot, $2,000.

Inspectors of Fisheries, W. H. Venning, $1,400; W. H. Rogers, $1,200; and A. C. Anderson, $600. Chief Constable of River Police and Shipping Master at Quebec, B. Trudel, $1,200.

Chief Constable of River Police at Montreal, G. Murphy, $3 per diem.

Commanders of Government Vessels, Captain J. Devereux, $1,400; A. Marmen, $1,000; A. Finlayson, $900; A. Bacquet, $800; R. A. Guild

ford, $1,000.

Inspector of Harbour Police, and Agent at Montreal, H. St. A. Ormond, $1,400.

DEPARTMENT OF MILITIA AND DEFENCE.

Minister of Militia, Hon. Sir J. R. E. A. Caron, Q.C., $7,000.

Deputy Minister, Lieut.-Col. E. Panet, $3,200. Major-General in Command of Militia. MajorGeneral Sir F. D. Middleton, K.C.M.G., $4,000. A.D.C., Captain Wise, $1,000.

Adjutant-General of Militia at Headquarters, Col. W. Powell, $3,200.

Director of Stores, and Keeper of Militia Properties. Lieut.-Col. J. Macpherson, $3,000. Accountant, C. Herbert O'Meara, $2,200. Chief Clerk, Military Branch, W. R. Wright, $2,200.

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs, Right Hon.
Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B.
Deputy Superintendent - General, Lawrence Van-
koughnet, $3,200.

Accountant, Robert Sinclair, $2,100.

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES.

Minister of Fisheries, Hon. A. W. McLelan.
Deputy Minister, John Tilton.

ECCLESIASTICAL. CHURCH OF ENGLAND.

METROPOLITAN, Right Rev. J. Medley, D.D., Bishop of Fredericton.

Bishop of Fredericton, Rt. Rev. J. Medley, D.D. (1845); Rt. Rev. H. T. Kingdon, Coadjutor (1881).

Bishop of Nova Scotia, Rt. Rev. H. Binney, D.D. (1851).

Bishop of Columbia, Rt. Rev. G. Hills, DD. (1860). Bishop of Ontario, Rt. Rev. J. T. Lewis, D.D., LL.D. (1862).

Bishop of Quebec, Rt. Rev. J. W. Williams, D.D. (1863).

Bishop of Huron, Rt. Rev. Maurice S. Baldwin, D.D. (1883).

Bishop of Moosonee, Rt. Rev. J. Horden, D.D. (1873). Bishop of Athabasca, the Rt. Rev. J. C. Bompas, D.D. (1874).

Bishop of Niagara, Rt. Rev. Chas. Hamilton, D.D.,

(1885.)

Bishop of Saskatchewan, Rt. Rev. Jno. M'Lean,

Bishop of Toronto, Rt. Rev. A. Sweatman, D.D. (1879).

Bishop of British Columbia, Rt. Rev. G. Hills, D.D. Bishop of Caledonia, Rt. Rev. Wm. Ridley, D.D. (1879).

Bishop of New Westminster, Rt. Rev. A. W. Sillitoe, D.D. (1879.)

Bishop of Algoma, Rt. Rev. E. Sullivan, D.D. (1882).

Bishop of Qu'Appell, Hon. Rt. Rev. A. J. R. Anson
(1884).
Bishop of
Rt. Rev. Richard Young,
(1884).

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
Province of Quebec.

Archbishop of Quebec, Most Rev. E. A. Taschereau,

D.C.L.

Bishop of Three Rivers, Rt. Rev. L. Lafleche.
Bishop of Rimouski, Rt. Rev. Jean Langevin, D.D.
Bishop of Montreal, Rt. Rev. C. E. Fabre.
Bishop of Sherbrooke, Rt. Rev. Ant. Racine.
Bishop of Ottawa, Rt. Rev. J. T. Duhamel, D.D.
Bishop of St. Hyacinthe, Rt. Rev. L. Z. Moreau.
Bishop of Chicoutimi, Rt. Rev. D. Racine.
Vic. Apost. of Pontiac (Bishop of Cythere), Rt. Rev.

N. Z. Lorrain.

Province of Ontario.

Archbishop of Toronto, Most Rev. J. J. Lynch, D.D.;
Auxiliary Bishop, Rt. Rev. Timothy O'Mahoney.
Bishop of London, Rt. Rev. J. Walsh, D.D.
Bishop of Hamilton, Rt. Rev. J. J. Carbery, S.T.D.
Bishop of Kingston, Rt. Rev. J. V. Cleary, D.D.
Bishop of Peterborough, Rt. Rev. J. F. Jamot.

Province of Nova Scotia.
Archbishop of Halifax, Most Rev. C. O'Brien, D.D.
Bishop of Arichat, Rt. Rev. J. Cameron.

Province of New Brunswick. Bishop of St. John, Rt. Rev. J. Sweeney. Bishop of Chatham, Rt. Rev. J. Rogers.

Province of Manitoba.

Archbishop of St. Boniface, Most Rev. A. Taché.
Bishop of St. Albert, Rt. Rev. V. Grandin.
Vic. Apost. of Athabasca and McKenzie, Rt. Rev.
H. Faraud.

Clut, Coadjutor.

Province of British Columbia. Vic. Apost. of British Columbia, Rt. Rev. L. J. D'Herbomez. Rt. Rev. P. Durieu, Coadjutor. Bishop of Vancouver's Island, Rt. Rev. J. B. Brondel Province of Prince Edward Island. Bishop of Charlottetown, Rt. Rev. P. McIntyre.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA. Moderator, Rev. Alex. McKnight, D.D. (1885).

METHODIST CHURCH OF CANADA.

General Superintendent of the Methodist Church in Canada, Rev. John A. Williams, D.D. (1885).

CONSULS IN THE DOMINION.

Argentine Confederation.

D.D., D.C.L. (1875).

1878).

i Vice-Consul :-Montreal, F. C. Henshaw.

Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Portugal.

Hart.

Belgium.

Consul-General:-Quebec (vacant). Vice-Consul:-Quebec, A. Joseph.

Vice-Consul:-Halifax, John Henry Abbott.
Vice-Consul:- Bridgwater, N.S., Charles Henry
Davison.

Spain.

Brazil.

Consul- General:-Ottawa, C. Elliott Anderson. Consuls:-Montreal, Dickson Anderson; Halifax, Geo. Fraser; St. John, N.B., Allan O. Crooksbank; Winnipeg, Wm. Murdoch; Regina, Nicholas Flood Davin; Victoria, B.C., R. P. Rithet.

Vice-Consuls: -Ottawa, F.G. Boswell; Toronto,
Lt. Col. Geo. A Shaw; Hamilton, Adam Brown;
Kingston, Geo. Richardson; Bellville, Alex.
Robertson; Brockville, Lt.-Col. J. E. Buell;
Rimouski, J. Norbert Pouliot, Q.C.; Fredericton,
James D. Beck; Yarmouth, N.S., E. F. Clements,
Prince Albert, N.W., Chas. Mair.

Italy.
Consul-General:-Montreal, A.M. Gianelli.
Consul:- Halifax, W. R. Hart.
Vice-Consul:-Toronto, Enrico Bendelari.

Liberia.

Consul-General:-Ottawa, C. E. Anderson.
Consul:- Montreal, Frederick Stancliffe.
Netherlands.

Consul-General:-Toronto, B. Homer Dixon.
Vice-Consuls:-Quebec, C. Johnson; Halifax,
James G. Foster: St. John, N.B., J. Macgregor
Grant; Montreal, Stephen B. Howard.
Peru.

Consul:-Montreal, George B. Day.
Vice-Consuls:- Montreal, F. C. Henshaw; Quebec,
John Laird; Chicontimi, Hon. D. E. Price;
John, N.B., J. H. Scammell.

Consul-Halifax, A. M. de Zea.

Vice-Consuls :-Quebec, S. Suarez; Montreal, J. L. Leprohon; Gaspé, N. E. Roy; North Sydney, N.S., W. Purves; St. John, N.B., H. Jack.

Consular Agents:-Three Rivers, G. Balcer; Magdalen Islands, J. Fontana; Annapolis, N.S., J. M. Owen; Little Glace Bay, N.S., C. H. Rigby: Liverpool, N.S., R. S Stearns; Lunenburg, N.S., Daniel Owen; Picton, N.S., Howard Primrose; Yarmouth, N.S., John W. Moody; Chatham, N.B., G. B. Fraser;St. George, N.B., S. Johnson; St. Stephen, N.B., D. Brown.

R. Ward.

Sweden and Norway.

Consuls:-Quebec, W. A. Schwartz; Vic. B.C., Vice-Consuls:-Ottawa, R. C. W. MacCuarg; Hamilton, S. E. Gregory; Toronto, J. S. McMurray; Montreal, J. F. Wulff; Three Rivers, G. Balcer; Rivière Ouelle, Q., A. Fraser; Chicoutimi, Q., J. G. Scott; Tadousac, Q., J. Radford; Sault-au-Cochon, Q., G. W. Forrest; Bersimis, Q., T. Girouard; Trois Pistoles, Q., N. Tétu; Rimouski, Q., G. Sylvain; Matane, Q., A. Fraser; Métis, Q., David Blair; Ste. Annedes Monts, Q., T. J. Lamontagne; Gaspé, Q., F. G. Eden; Dalhousie, N.B., G. Haddow; Bathurst, N.B., John Sievewright; Caraquette. N.B., J. J. Vibert; Miramichi, N.B., J. Hutchinson; Richibucto, N.B., R. Hutchinson; Buctouche, N.B., J. C. Ross; Shediac, N.B., J. Inglis; St. John, N.B., T. Thomson; St. George, N.B., H. Ludgate; Cascumspec, P.E.I., G. W. Howlan; Pugwash, N.S., A. A. Stevens; Picton, N.S., J. R. Davies; Yarmouth, N.S., J. W. Moody; Sydney, N.S., J. E. Burchell; Quebec, E. H. J. Schwartz; Esconmain, J. Topping; Campbelltown, N.B., J. McAlister; Halifax, J. H. Mathers; Liscomb, N.S., S. Creighton; Parrsboro', N.S., A. S. Townshend; Winnipeg, J. A. Green; St. Margaret's Bay, N.S., C. R. Hill; Sheet Harbour, N.S., F. MacMillan; Bridgewater, N.S., F. B. Wade; St. Stephen, N.B., J. Mitchell.

United States.

Consul-General:-Montreal, Seargent P. Stearns.
Vice-Consul:-Bernard Courlaender, jun.
Consul-General:-Halifax, Wakefield G. Frye.
Vice-Consul General:-James F. Phelan,
Deputy Vice-Consul General:-Robie G. Frye.
Consuls:-Fort Erie, Ontario, La Rue Peck; Clif-
ton, Ontario, F. Hazelton; Hamilton, J. J. Low;
Kingston, M. H. Twitchell; Prescott, Ontario,
H. L. L. Slaight; Belleville, F. W. Prince; Port
Sarnia, Ontario, S. D. Pace; Toronto. Walter E.
Howard; Charles A. Hirschfelder (Vice-Consul);
Guelph, Harry P. Dill; Coaticook, Q., John
G. Crawford; Quebec, John N. Wasson; Sher-
brooke, Q., Benjamin S. Parker; St. John's,
Q., S. P. Hubbell; Winnipeg, J. W. Taylor;
Victoria, B.C., Robert J. Stevens; Gaspé Basin,
Geo. H. Holt.

Consul:-Windsor, N.S., Daniel K. Hobart.
Vice and Deputy Consul:-Charles E. Hobart.

Consul:-Pictou, N.S., Edmund Johnson.
Vice-Consul:-Pictou, N.S., John R. Noonan.
Consul: St. John, N.B., Darius B. Warner.
Vice and Deputy Consul, St. John, N.B., Ezra W.
Gale.

Consul:-St. Stephen, N.B., Paul Lange.
Vice and Deputy-Consul:-St. Stephen, N.B.,
Willard B. King.

Consul: Charlottetown, P.E.I., Warren A.
Worden.

Vice-Consul, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Fred. W.
Hyndman.

Consuls:-Amherstburg, Ontario, Josiah Turner;
Windsor, Ontario, Charles Ewars; Three Rivers,
Q., J. M. Wilson.
Consular Agents:-Barrington,

N.S., Gabriel Robertson; Bridgewater, N.S., William H. Owen; Liverpool, N.S., J. W. S. Marshall; Shelburne, N.S., W. W. White; Annapolis, N.S., Jacob M. Owen; Cornwallis, N.S., Ebenezer Rand; Digby, N.S., William B. Stewart; Kempt, N.S., Fredrick A. Hobart; Parrsboro', N.S., Jonathan Hickney; Port Joggins, N.S., William Moffat; Walton, N.S., Alexander McW. Parker; Wolfville, N.S., John W. Hamilton; Yarmouth, N.S., Joseph R. Kinny; Cape Canso, N.S., Thomas C. Cook; Cow Bay, N.S., Charles Archibald; Glace Bay, N.S., David McKeen; Guysborough, N.S., E. H. Franchville; Lingan, N.S., Frederick E. Leaver; Louisburg, N.S., W. H. McAlpine; North Sydney, N.S., William Purves; Port Hastings, N.S., James G. McKeen; Port Sydney, N.S.. Frederick E. Leaver; Fredericton, N.B., Spafford Barker; Grand Manan, N.B., Joseph Lakeman; McAdam Junction, N.B., Charles F. Hoben; Newcastle, N.B., Robert R. Call; St. Andrew's, N.B., George F. Stickney; St. George, N.B., B. Randall; Cascumspec, P.E.I., George Howland; Georgetown. P.E.I., A. A. McDonald; Summerside, P.E.I., Fairley McNeill; Souris, P.E.I., Caleb C. Carleton.

Uruguay.

Consuls:-Montreal, F. W. Henshaw; Quebec, J. Maguire.

Vice-Consuls:-Montreal, F. C. Henshaw; Sydney, N.S., H. H. Archibald; Pictou, N.S., Charles W. Ives; Bristol, N.S., S. C. Tupper; St. Mary's Bay, N.S., C. E. Everett; Annapolis, N.S., T. A. Gavaza; Quebec, C. P. Champion; Three Rivers, Q., J. McDougall; St. John, N.B., A. D. Goodwin; Ottawa, C. E. Anderson; Peterborough, Ontario, Arthur White; Halifax, H. W. C. Boak.

II. THE PROVINCES. ONTARIO AND QUEBEC (Old Canada). Canada is said to have been discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1497; but this is not certain. In 1525, the French took possession of the country in the name of the King of France, and ten years later Cartier explored the St. Lawrence, so naming that splendid river from having entered it on St. Lawrence's day.

In 1608 Quebec, the first settlement, was founded. During their early days, and for a considerable time after, the French settlers were few in number, suffered great hardships, and were much engaged in conflicts with the Indian tribes, the aboriginal inhabitants. The principal incentives to their colonization were the profits of the fur trade and missionary zeal.

tory of Canada was ceded to Great Britain by th Treaty of Paris. It may be mentioned that fo three years, from 1629 to 1632, Quebec had been il English possession, having been captured by on Kirk, but was retro-ceded to France by the peag of St. Germain-en-laye.

From 1763 to 1774, Canada was governed by military authority, until in the latter year a nomine council was established by Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. By the same Act the Roman Catholics were allowed the free exercise of their religion: the Catholic Clergy were declared entitled to receive their accustomed dues and rights, but with respect only to those professing the Catholic religion; and in civil cases it was declared that resort should be had to the Laws of Canada for the decision of the same. The effect of this liberality was made manifest upon the occasion of the American Civil War, when the newly acquired, and then mainly Catholic province of Canada, remained loyal to England in spite of seductive overtures from the revolted Colonies.

In 1791 an Act of Parliament was passed (31 Geo. III., cap. 31), dividing Canada into two Provinces, upper Canada (now Ontario) and lower Canada (now Quebec), and establishing a constitution for each. As the form of government was similar in each Province, a description of that of the Lower Province will suffice. By the Act of Parliament in question, the Legislative authority was vested in a Legislative Council appointed by the Crown, and in a House of Assembly elected by the inhabitants; the Lower Province was under a Governor, whilst the Upper was under a LieutenantGovernor. Both the Houses of Assembly thus created, and especially that of Lower Canada, were in constant conflict with the Executive Government from the end of the American War in 1814, until the Canadian Rebellion of 1838. The most fruitful causes of dissension were the right of the Assembly to control public expenditure, and the question of the "Clergy Reserves," lands appropriated by the Imperial Act of 1791 for the exclusive benefit of the Anglican Clergy. The immediate exciting cause of the Rebellion was the establishing, by Governor Sir John Colborne, of 37 rectories in Upper Canada. After the reductionof the insurgents, the constitution of Lower Canada was suspended, and Lord Durham was sent out from England as Governor-General, with special powers and instructions to report on the affairs of the country. He recommended a Union of the Provinces, and indeed foreshadowed the larger confederation, which has since been adopted. In accordance with Lord Durham's recommendation, the two Provinces were re-united by an Act, 3rd and 4th Vic., cap. 35, and the Legislative Bodies of the united Provinces were consolidated: the new Legislative Council was to consist of not less than 20 members (it used in fact to exceed double that number); the members were appointed for life. The new House of Assembly consisted of 84 members, there being an equal proportion returned by either Province. In the same year (1840) also, Municipal Institutions were established in Canada.

The Provincial Legislature was empowered by Act 17 & 18 Vic., cap. 118 (1854), to constitute the Legislative Council an elective body.