with as much land as may be needed for the protection not only of the known entrance, but such other entrances as may be found.

Now, Therefore, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America, by authority of the power in me vested by section two of the act of Congress entitled, "An Act for the preservation of American antiquities," approved June eighth, nineteen hundred and six (34 Stat., 225) do proclaim that there is hereby reserved from all forms of appropriation under the public land laws, subject to all valid existing claims, and set apart as a National Monument to be known as the Carlsbad Cave National Monument all that piece or parcel of land in the County of Eddy, State of New Mexico, shown upon the diagram hereto annexed and made a part hereof, and more particularly described as follows: lots one and two, section thirty-one, township twenty-four south, range twenty-five east, and section thirtysix, township twenty-four south, range twenty-four east of the New Mexico Principal Meridian.

Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this Monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof.

The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and control of this Monument as provided in the act of Congress entitled, "An Act to establish a National Park Service and for other purposes," approved August twenty-fifth, nineteen hundred and sixteen (39 Stat., 535) and Acts additional thereto or amendatory thereof. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done in the City of Washington this 25th day of October in the year of our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Twenty-three and of the Independence of the United States of America the One Hundred and Forty-eighth.

[SEAL]

By the President:

CALVIN COOLIDGE.

CHARLES E. HUGHES, Secretary of State.

[Thanksgiving-1923.]

The American people, from their earliest days, have observed the wise custom of acknowledging each year the bounty with which divine Providence has favored them. In the beginnings, this acknowledgment was a voluntary return of thanks by the community for the fruitfulness of the harvest. Though our mode of life has greatly changed, this custom has always survived. It has made Thanksgiving Day not only one of the oldest but one of the most characteristic observances of our country. On that day, in home and

PRESIDENT COOLIDGE ADDRESSING CONGRESS

Calvin Coolidge continued the practise, originated by Washington and John Adams, discontinued by Jefferson, resurrected by Wilson and followed by Harding, of addressing the Senate and the House of Representatives in person. The illustration shows him delivering his first annual address to a joint session of the Senate and the House, meeting in the latter's chamber. Behind the President sit (right) Speaker Gillette, of the House, and President pro tem. of the Senate Cummins, the latter in the place where Coolidge, himself, had sat as Vice-President while his predecessor addressed Congress.

church, in family and in public gatherings, the whole nation has for generations paid the tribute due from grateful hearts for blessings bestowed.

To center our thought in this way upon the favor which we have been shown has been altogether wise and desirable. It has given opportunity justly to balance the good and the evil which we have experienced. In that we have never failed to find reasons for being grateful to God for a generous preponderance of the good. Even in the least propitious times, a broad contemplation of our whole position has never failed to disclose overwhelming reasons for thankfulThus viewing our situation, we have found warrant for a more hopeful and confident attitude toward the future.

ness.

In this current year, we now approach the time which has been accepted by custom as most fitting for the calm survey of our estate and the return of thanks. We shall the more keenly realize our good fortune, if we will, in deep sincerity, give to it due thought, and more especially, if we will compare it with that of any other community in the world.

The year has brought to our people two tragic experiences which have deeply affected them. One was the death of our beloved President Harding, which has been mourned wherever there is a realization of the worth of high ideals, noble purpose and unselfish service carried even to the end of supreme sacrifice. His loss recalled the nation to a less captious and more charitable attitude. It sobered the whole thought of the country. A little later came the unparalleled disaster to the friendly people of Japan. This called forth from the people of the United States a demonstration of deep and humane feeling. It was wrought into the substance of good works. It created new evidences of our international friendship, which is a guarantee of world peace. It replenished the charitable impulse of the country.

By experiences, such as these, men and nations are tested and refined. We have been blessed with much of material prosperity. We shall be better able to appreciate it if we remember the privations others have suffered, and we shall be the more worthy of it if we use it for their relief. We will do well then to render thanks for the good that has come to us, and show by our actions that we have become stronger, wiser, and truer by the chastenings which have been imposed upon us. We will thus prepare ourselves for the part we must take in a world which forever needs the full measure of service. We have been a most favored people. We ought to be a most generous people. We have been a most blessed people. We ought to be a most thankful people.

Wherefore, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States, do hereby fix and designate Thursday, the twenty-ninth day of Novem

ber, as Thanksgiving Day, and recommend its general observance throughout the land. It is urged that the people, gathering in their homes and their usual places of worship, give expression to their gratitude for the benefits and blessings that a gracious Providence has bestowed upon them, and seek the guidance of Almighty God, that they may deserve a continuance of His favor.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the great seal of the United States.

Done at the City of Washington, this 5th day of November, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and [SEAL] Twenty-three, and of the Independence of the United States, the One Hundred and Forty-eighth.

By the President:

CALVIN COOLIDGE.

CHARLES E. HUGHES, Secretary of State.

ADDRESS

[Conference of State Governors, Washington, D. O., October 20, 1923.] It is my peculiar privilege to welcome you here as one who by experience can look at your problems with that sympathy which comes from common fellowships. The governorship of a sovereign state of our nation is an exalted position. It outranks, within its own jurisdiction, with a single exception, every other office in America. It is the very greatest honor that a state can bestow. A gathering of Governors has a significance greater than any other unofficial convocation that can be held in the United States.

It would only be a matter of large public importance that could justify a gathering of the chief executives of the states and the nation for a conference at Washington. You have been invited here that I might lay before you some of the problems for a better enforcement of law. A statement of the purpose is sufficient to indicate the importance, for a government which does not enforce its laws is unworthy of the name of government and cannot expect to hold either the support of its own citizens or the respect of the informed opinion of the world. That ours is a dual system of administration does not need to be explained in this presence. Joint powers and joint responsibilities exist which can best be exercised and discharged by joint action.

While certain classes of aliens, easily distinguishable, have been excluded from this country for a considerable length of time, a general policy of restricting immigration, broadly inclusive, has only recently been adopted. The new law admits approximately 350,000 aliens, or about one-third of the number coming in annually under the old law before the war. On the other hand, the number desiring to enter is