I have now twice already mention'd will be a juft Example.

Upon all thefe Conferences and Dialogifms, we must always obferve to pronounce the Anfwer with a different Tone from the laft Cadence of the foregoing Question or Objection.

When the Speaker preffes his Adverfary close, and infifts upon the fame Arguments ftill, preffing it home upon him several ways, over and over again, 'till he feems afham'd of it, and confounded at the Repetition, his Voice must be brifk, preffing and infulting, where he lays the main Strefs of what he aims at- My Author furnishing me with fo good an Example of this from Cicero, when he defends Ligarius against Tubero, who accus'd him to Cafar, as having been in Pompey's Army at Pharfalia; and I choofe it rather than any Inftance from the Drama, because that Speech is famous for having made Cafar drop his Papers, and declare himself vanquifh'd by Eloquence, when he had decreed, that he would not forgive Ligarius before he came to hear him What, TUBERO, did you in the Battle of PHARSALIA with your Sword drawn? At whofe Breaft did you aim the Point? What was the Senfe of your Weapon? the Defign of your Arms? and the Intention of your Appearance there? Where were your Thoughts, your Defires, your Wifbes, your Expectations? What meant thofe Eyes, that Zeal, that Paffion, that Hand, that Weapon? But I urge this Matter too hard upon him. The Youth is afham'd, and

in Confufion at the Conviction. I'll Say no

more.

When you avow your Liberty of Speaking without Fear, let the Danger be what it will, which the Rhetoricians call Parrhafia, the Voice must be full and loud, exalted with Confidence of Succefs or Boldness, not to be daunted with any Apprehenfion. Nor can I omit an Example of this likewife from the fame Orator, because it is excellent and pathetic. Ob! Clemency most admirable! and worthy of eternal Praife, Honour, and Memory! CICERO has the Boldness to confefs himself guilty before CESAR of a Crime, for which he cannot fuffer another to be wrongfully accus'd; nor is he under any Apprehenfions from the Refentment of his Judge on this Account. Behold how undaunted I am, Sir, in the Confidence of your Goodness; behold the great Lights of Generofity and Wisdom, which from your Afpect favour me in what I fay, I will raife my Voice to a Loudness, if I can, fufficient to make all the People of Rome hear what I say! The War now being not only began, but almost ended, I went over to your Enemy's Camp freely, voluntarily, on my own Choice, before this finishing Blow put an end to it at PHARSA

LIA.

In a Gradation or Climax, the Voice muft with the Sentence climb up by feveral Degrees of the Sentence to the Period; as, Luxury is born in the City, out of Luxury there is a Neceffity that Avarice should arife, from Avarice must Spring

Ka

Spring audacious Boldness, which must beget all manner of Wickedness and Mifchief.

MARS Saw the Nymph, and feeing did defire,
And having wif'd, be quench'd his amorous
Fire.

The Eye the dangerous Poifon foon let in,
And by the Eye the Heart began to fin,
Till the whole Body did the Crime complete, &c.

The Suppreffion or Apofiopefis, is a fuppreffing of what might be farther urg'd, and in this the Speaker muft lower his Voice a Tone or two, and pronounce the foregoing Words, that introduce it with the higheft Accent; as, Æolus in Virgil.

Which I

But firft the raging Floods, 'tis fit that I compofe.

In a Subjection, where feveral Questions are put, and an Answer fubjoin'd to ev'ry one of them: He that speaks muft vary his Voice, by giving the Queftion one Tone, and the Anfwer another; either by asking the Question higher,and giving the Anfwer lower, or the contrary, according to the Place where he would have the Force lie.

In the Oppofition or Antithefis, the Contraries must be diftinguifh'd by giving one a louder Tone, than the other; as, Truth breeds us Enemies, Flattery Friends. The Romans bate

PRIVATE Luxury, but love PUBLIC Magnifi

sence.

Repetition or Anadiplofis, which is a Repetition of the fame Word, and the Speaker muft give the Word in the fecond place a louder and ftronger Sound, than in the first place.

r' Harmonious Nine, to GALLUS tune my Song, To GALLUS, whofe Love, &c.

And

yet

he lives, not only lives, but comes Into the very Senate-Houfe.

There is another Repetition, where the fame Word is more, than once repeated, either in the Beginning of feveral Sentences, or in the feveral Claufes of the fame Sentence, where the Word must be founded always in the fame Tone, but differently from the other Parts of the Difcourfe. Does not the Nightly Guards of the Palace touch you at all? Not at all the Watches of the City? Not at all the Peoples Fear? Not at all the Agreement of all honourable Men? Not at all this fortify'd Place of the Senate-Meeting, &c. You lament the Lofs of three Roman Armies, MARK ANTONY deftroyed them: You resent the Death of fo many noble Citizens, MARK ANTONY was their Death; the Authority of the Senate is invaded, MARK ANTONY invades it.

As for Sentences, fome are very short, and thofe not spoken in a Breath, would be maim'd; there are others, which are fomething longer,

yet withal do not exceed the Power of an easy Pronunciation, in one Breath if you can; for a Period fo pronounc'd, founds rounder and handfomer, and appears with more Beauty and Force, than it would do with feveral Breathings. To this End you must endeavour by Practice to attain a long Wind, as Demofthenes did by the Inftructions of Neoptolemus the Actor. But when the Period is long, you ought to fetch your Breath at the feveral Members of the Periods, that is to fay, after two Points, or a Semi-colon, or at leaft after a Comma, for to do it otherwise or oftner, would be extremely difagreeable. For nothing is more intolerable and clownish, than to break off in the middle of a Word or Expreffion. 'Tis proper to make a Paufe at the End of every Period; but it must be fhort on those, that are fhort, and longer on thofe, which are of greater Extent.

When you have a Period, that requires a great Contention and Elevation of Voice, you muft manage your Voice with the greater Moderation on those, which precede it, but by employing your whole Force upon thofe, you are oblig'd to fpeak this more important one more languidly, which requires more Vigour and Vehemence. This was a Beauty, which was always obferv'd by the two famous Actors of the Romans, Refcius and fopu. For in fpeaking thefe Verfes,

The noble Warriors generous Choice and Buckler, Is Honour, not the Plunder of the Field.

he