APPENDIX

I.

THE INTERNATIONAL YACHT RACES.

For the eleventh time an English yacht vainly tried in 1901 to win back that "blue ribbon of the seas," the America's cup. It was fifty years earlier -August 22, 1851, to be exact-that the schooner yacht America defeated a squadron of eighteen English yachts and carried away the simple little trophy which was later to cause the largest expenditures of time and money known to the history of purely amateur sport.

It is not necessary here to tell the story of the English challengers. The first, the Cambria, came to American waters in 1870. At intervals thereafter the Livonia, the Countess of Dufferin, the Atalanta, the Genesta, the Galatea, the Thistle, Valkyrie II., and l'alkyrie III. were thoroughly defeated. Then, in 1899, Sir Thomas Lipton brought over his yacht Shamrock I. The American Columbia easily defeated the Shamrock.

Undaunted by defeat, Sir Thomas challenged again, and built Shamrock II. to race for the cup in 1901. The new boat showed speed in her trials, though she suffered one rather serious mishap, being dismasted during a squall near Cowes, on May 22. King Edward was on the yacht at the time, and his escape from injury was very narrow. It had been arranged to sail the races in August, but the accident to the Shamrock made necessary a postponement until September, and then the death of President McKinley led to a further postponement, so that the first race was not sailed until September 28.

Meantime a syndicate of New York Yacht Club men had had the Herreshoff brothers, of Bristol, Rhode Island, build a new defender, the Constitution. Thomas W. Lawson, of Boston, also ordered built a large yacht, the Independence, with a view of offering it for the defense of the cup. The New York Yacht Club, which was in possession of the cup, made it clear that no yacht could be accepted as a defender unless it flew the New York Yacht Club colors. As Mr. Lawson was not a member of the Club, his offer was not accepted, but the incidents of the offer and its rejection provoked considerable ill-feeling.

The Constitution and the two-year-old Columbia were set against each other in the trial races. It had been supposed that as usual Herreshoff would excel

himself in his new boat, but the performance of the Constitution was disappointing. The Columbia won the two first trial races, and the committee in charge of the trials decided that she should again defend the cup.

The cup races were to be the best three out of five. As it happened, the Columbia won the first three, and the others, therefore, were not sailed. An attempt was made to decide the first race on September 26, but the wind was so light that the yachts could not cover the course within the time limit. There was another unsuccessful drifting match on October 1.

The first decisive race, sailed on September 28, was fifteen miles to windward and return. The Columbia finished in four hours, thirty minutes, and twenty-four seconds, defeating the challenger by one minute and twenty seconds. The race was a battle of skippers from start to finish. Captain Sycamore, of the Shamrock, got the better of his opponent at the start, but Captain "Charley" Barr, of the Columbia, who was seldom outmanœuvred, managed to recover the lost ground, and on the run home before the wind drew away from his opponent. The Columbia was actually thirty-seven seconds ahead at the finish, but her time allowance of forty-three seconds, made because of differences between the measurements of the two yachts, added to the recorded time of her victory.

The second race was sailed on October 3 over a triangular course of thirty miles. The Shamrock started with a lead of more than a minute and one-half. On the first leg the Columbia gained a few seconds, but turned the mark still in the rear. The wind increased to fifteen knots an hour while the second leg was being sailed, and the yachts lay down until their lee rails were in the sea and their prows were throwing a fine spray over the decks. On this leg the Columbia gained thirty seconds more, but the Shamrock was still slightly in the lead. The last leg was decisive. The Columbia spurted ahead, passed her opponent, and crossed the finish line with a margin of three minutes and thirtyfive seconds, including the time allowance.

The third race, fifteen miles to leeward and back, was sailed on October 4 in Shamrock weather." Going down the wind, after an even start, the Shamrock, contrary to expectation, took the lead. A favorable breeze enabled the Columbia to creep up a little, but even then the challenger rounded the outer mark forty-seven seconds before the defender. On the return the wind lightened, and both boats tacked and jockeyed, split tacks, and engaged in luffing matches. It looked like the Shamrock's race, and indeed, the Shamrock crossed the line two seconds before the Columbia. However, the Columbia's time allowance gave her the race by forty-one seconds.

So ended one of the most exciting of all contests for the America's cup, and the big "ninety footer" sloops were at the end of their usefulness. In the

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America's day a yacht was a yacht-not merely a racing machine. But strenuous competition had required that designers of racing yachts should subordinate everything to speed. The big "single-stickers" became frail shells. Seldom were they good for more than one or two seasons. The hulls were filled with braces which left no room for quarters for the crews.

There was, however, a growing belief that racing conditions should be established under which practical cruising qualities would be required in the cup yachts.

ROWING.

From yachting to rowing is not a far cry. The results of the principal rowing events of 1901 were as follows.

At New London, Conn., June 27, the Yale University Eight defeated the Harvard University Eight. Time: Yale, 23:37 minutes; Harvard, 23:45 minutes.

At Poughkeepsie, N. Y., July 2, over a four mile course the intercollegiate race of University Eights resulted as follows: Cornell, first; time, 18:53 minutes. Columbia, second; time, 18:58 minutes. University of Wisconsin, third; time, 19:061⁄2 minutes.

On the Thames River, England, March 30, Oxford defeated Cambridge by two-fifths of a length. Oxford's time was 22:31 minutes.

CRICKET.

The annual cricket match between Oxford and Cambridge, played at Lord's, London, July 6, was drawn.

Yorkshire defeated Essex, August 16, by 104 to 17, in the final match for the English County championship.

The twenty-ninth annual match between the United States and Canada was played September 10 and 11 at the Ottawa Cricket Club. The United States won, with a score of 324 to Canada's 230.

FOOTBALL.

The important American college football games of the season resulted as follows:

New York, N. Y., October 12.
West Point, N. Y., October 12.

Academy, o.

Harvard, 18; Columbia, o.

Harvard, 6; The United States Military

Annapolis, Md., October 21. The United States Military Academy, 6;

The University of Pennsylvania, 5.

New Haven, Conn., October 26. Yale, 10; Columbia, 5.

Ithaca, N. Y., November 2. Princeton, 8; Cornell, 6.

West Point, N. Y., November 2. Yale, 5; The United States Military Academy, 5.

New York, N. Y., November 2. Columbia, II; University of Pennsylvania, o.

Philadelphia, Penn., November 9. Harvard, 33; University of Pennsylvania, 6.

West Point, N. Y., November 9. Princeton, 6; The United States Military Academy, 6.

New Haven, Conn., November 16. New York, N. Y., November 16. West Point, N. Y., November 20. 24; The University of Pennsylvania, Annapolis, Md., November 20.

Academy, 5.

Yale, 12; Princeton, o.
Cornell, 24; Columbia, o.

The United States Military Academy,

o.

Columbia, 6; The United States Naval

Cambridge, Mass., November 23. Harvard, 22; Yale, o.

Philadelphia, Penn., November 28. Cornell, 24; The University of Pennsylvania, 6.

BASEBALL.

In intercollegiate baseball, Harvard and Princeton both beat Yale, but did not themselves meet. Williams won the championship of the tricollegiate league from Wesleyan and Amherst. The University of Michigan made an Eastern trip, and was defeated by Brown, Harvard, Yale, and Cornell.

In professional baseball, the championship of the National League was won by Pittsburg. Chicago won the championship of the American League.

TURF EVENTS.

The principal stake winners in horse races during the year were as follows:

March 29. Grand National (English) Steeplechase (41⁄2 miles): B. Bletsoe's Grudon; time, 9:47%.

April 8. Tennessee Derby (1% miles): T. P. Hayes' Royal Victor (122) lbs.); time, 1:57.

April 29. Kentucky Derby (14 miles): F. Van Meter's His Eminence (117 lbs.); time, 2.0734.

May 4. Metropolitan Handicap (1 mile): C. H. Mackay's Banastar (123 lbs.); time, 1.42.

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May 25. Brooklyn Handicap (4 miles): J. R. and F. P. Keane's Conroy (98 lbs.); time, 2:09.

June 7. The (English) Oaks Stakes (11⁄2 miles): J. R. and F. P. Keene's Cap and Bells II.; time, 2:445.

June 15. Suburban Handicap (14 miles): J. H. McCormick's Alcedo (112 lbs.); time, 2:05.

June 22. American Derby (11⁄2 miles): Mrs. R. Bradley's Robert Waddell (119 lbs.); time, 2:335.

July 4. Realization Stakes (15% miles): R. T. Wilson, Jr.'s, The Parader (126 lbs.); time, 2:494%.

The English Derby was won by W. C. Whitney's Volodyovski.

Trotting records were established by Cresceus. At Columbus, Ohio, August 2, he covered a mile in 2:02. At New York, August 16, he went a mile in a race in 2:03.

GOLF.

The seventh annual tournament for the golf championship of America was held at the Atlantic City Country Club, beginning September 9. The championship was won by W. J. Travis, with W. E. Egan as runner-up.

The women's national tournament, held at the Baltrusol Golf Club, Short Hills, N. J., beginning October 8, was won by Miss Genevieve Hecker.

The open (professional) tournament, held at the Myopia Hunt Club, June 14-17, was won by Willie Anderson, after he had tied with Alexander Smith.

The intercollegiate tournament was held at the Atlantic City Country Club, May 7-11. Harvard won the team championship, and the individual championship was won by Halstead Lindsley of Harvard.

The Amateur championships of England were won by H. H. Hilton and Miss Graham. The open (professional) English championship was won by James Braid. Oxford defeated Cambridge in their annual match.

LAWN TENNIS.

The lawn tennis championship of the United States, at Newport, R. I., August 13-21, was won by William A. Larned. The former champion, Malcolm D. Whitman, did not defend his title. The tournament in doubles. was won by Beals C. Wright and Leonard E. Ware, who were, however, defeated by the holders of the championship, Dwight F. Davis and Holcombe Ward.