I quill add waren plums, and Addam cerca pruna: honos erit huic quoque poma ? sbis fruit alfo fball be honoured NOTES. EL Εγωνων παρον, ὅλα μου μεμναμένω ει το φιλέεις με, Οὐδὲ το τηλέφιλον ποτεμάξατο το πλατάγημα. love: prefs'd the Long-live, but in vain did prefs; It gave no lucky found of good sail fuccefs," taking ring to be the 200 τηλέφιλου αείζουν, which is a fort of Sedum or Houfe leek. The Scholiaft mentions, various opinions concerning this no, fome taking it to mean the poppy, others fome other herb. He fays, they used to put it on their arms, and give it a blow: if it only made the fkin red, it was a fign of love; but if it made the fkin fore, it was a fign of hatred. Caefalpinus obferves, that the Ornithopodium Portulacae folio, which he calls Tele phium, was ufed in his time for the fame purpose in Italy, and was therefore called the herb of love. Telephium vulgo, a noftris herba « amoris vocatur, herbula praecipue in vineis nafcens. Hujus foκαι lium cum faliva applicatum cutim rubificat, aliquando et puftulas excitat: unde nunc ufus 7 σε puellaris in amore explorando : f "enim cutem rubefacit tantum, "amoris putatur indicium: fi puf"tulas excitat, odii. Hunc ufum antiqui poetae Telephio tradide"runt, ut apud Theocritum, ob "id Philthron quoque appellata eft." What the Scholiaft and Caefalpinus have here related concerning the fame with what Theocritus has faid Telephilon or Telephium is not the look for it's effect on his fkin, but of it: for the Goatherd did not attended to the found. It appears however, that not only the poppy; but other flowers or leaves also were ufed for this fuperftitious purpose. But the έρυθρά πλαταγώνια of the fhew that the red poppy was partipoppy mentioned by Theocritus, cularly in ufe; whence we may conclude, that it was the fort here intended by Virgil, who, like the Greek Poet, has mentioned it along with lilies. 48. Narciffum.] See the note on ver. 122. of the fourth Georgick. Theocritus mentions this plant along Florem... bene olentis Anethi.] with rofes and wall-flowers, to make val of the beloved Ageanax : a garland to wear on the fafe arri Αγεάνακτι πλέον διζημένω ἐς Μιτυ λάναν Ώρια πάνια γένοιτο, καὶ εύπλοον ἄρ μου ἵκοιτο. Κἠγὼ τῆνο κατ ̓ ἅμαρ, ανήθινον ροδόεντα, "Η και Λευκοίων στέφανον περὶ κρατὶ φυλάσσων, Τον Et vos, O lauri, carpam, et te, proxima myrte, and you, O bays, will I gard ther, and thee next, O myrtley's 49. Cafia.] See the notes on ver. 213. of the fecond Georgick, and on ver, 30. of the fourth, Intexens. Thefe flowers and land. It was a cuftom amongst the herbs were to be woven into a gar Ancients, to prefent fuch garlands, to thofe whom they loved. Thus Milton represents Adam weaving a. garland for Eve; Adam the while Waiting defirous her return, had wove "Of choiceft flours a garland to adorn "Her treffes, and her rural labours crown, "As reapers oft are wont their har veft queen. Suavibus berbis.] La Cerda thinks this may be meant of the sweetness of the colour of thefe flowers; becaufe fuavis is ufed in that sense; as fuave rubens byacinthus. But in this place, it is certainly used to exprefs the odour; for we have prefently afterwards, "Sic pofitae quoniam fuaves mifce "tis odores." 50. Vaccinia. Vaccinium is the fame with the vaxos of the Greek Poets; for which reason I here tranflate it hyacinth. See the note on ver. 18. of this Eclogue. Caltha.] It is hardly poffible to determine certainly what plant the Poets meant by their Caltha. We 4 being tbus placed, because ye Sic pofitae quoniam fuaves mifcetis odores. diffuft farvet odours. NOTES. fud, by the epithet Luteola in this place, that it had a yellow flower; which is confirmed alfo by Columella, who gives it the epithet flammeola; ི་ Jam rofa diftendat contorti fta- Therefore it may very well be our common Marygold, according to the general opinion. La Cerda fays it is the Buphthalmus of Diofcorides, and thence takes occafion to corred # paffage in Pliny. The words are thefe; “ Buphthalmus fimilis boum oculis, folio Foeniculi, circa op"pida nafcens, fruticofa caulibus, qui et manduntur decocti, quidam cachlam vocant." Here, fays he, Dalechampius inferts calcham in the margin; but inftead of them both I fubftitute caltham. It may not be amifs to confider, how well grounded the criticism of this learned author may be. We find in Diofcorides almoft the very fame words with thofe juft quoted from Pliny. He fays, Buphthalmus, which fome call Cachlas, has thin and foft ftalks, leaves like fennel, and a yellow flower, larger than that of Anthemis, fhaped like an eye, whence it had it's name. It grows about towns, and, in open places Βούφθαλμον δι δὲ Κάχλαν καλοῦσι καυλὸν ἀνίησι τρυφερον φύλλα δὲ μαpadposion and unwaμso the 55 ἀνθεμίδος ὀφθαλμοειδῆ· ὅθεν καὶ ὀνο μασίαι φύεται δὲ ἐν πεδίοις, καὶ περὶ ras WóλEIS. He uses almost the で fame words in his defcription of the Chryfanthemum, which he fays is herb and bufhy, having smooth alfo called Chalcas. It is a tender ftalks and jagged leaves; the flowers are of a fhining yellow colour, and round like an eye, whence it is fo the ftalks are eaten as pot-herbs: called. It grows near towns, and Χρυσάνθεμον ἢ Χαλκάς· τρυφεράτις, πια θαμνοειδῆς δὲ λείους ἀναφέρουσα καυλοὺς καὶ φύλλα πολυσχιδή άνθη μήλινα· ἰσχυρῶς στίλβοντα· καὶ ὀφ θαλμὸν κυκλοτερή διὸ καὶ ὅντως ὀνόμασίαι φύεται περὶ τὰς πόλεις δι xavλoi d'auтouλxxvoтα. Thus we find, that the Buphthalmus is by fome called Cachlas, and the Chryfanthemum is alfo called Chalcas. Whether Kaxas and Xanxas are. Κάχλας both the fame word differently fpelt, or not, has been a fübject of difpute: but they feem fufficiently dif ferent; and therefore fince Diofco rides agrees with Pliny in saying the Buphthalmus is called Cachlas, there feems to be no occafion for La Cerda's correction. Befides, it is plain, that neither the Buphthalmus, nor the Chrysanthemum is our marygold, the leaves of which are neither refembling fennel, as, is faid of the jagged, like Chryfanthemum, nor Buphthalmus. Any radiated difcous fower may be faid to refemble an eye; and Columella feems to hint at Rufticus es, Corydon: nec munera curat Alexis: NOTES. at that fimilitude, when he fays, "Pingit et in varios terreftria fy❝dera flores, Candida Leucoia, et flaventia "lumina Calthae." Thus we call our great daily, which is a radiated discous flower, the Oxeye daily. 51. Cana legam tenera lanugine mala.] The fruits here mentioned are almoft univerfally affirmed to be quinces, which without doubt have a hoary down, and therefore fo far agree with the Poet's defcription. The only objection I have to this interpretation is, that the quince is of fo auftere a tafte, that the fhepherd could not think of offering it to a young palate. Nor do I find, that it is at all better in those warmer climates; or that the Greeks or Romans ufed to eat it raw and it cannot be fuppofed that Corydon fpake of dreffing it. We are told indeed by Plutarch, that it was an inftitution of Solon, that the bride fhould eat a quince, before fhe went to bed but whether this was for fome secret reason; or that a married, woman fhould be accuftomed from the beginning to fome fort of aufterity, I will not take upon me to determine. Had it been proved, that it was the custom to entertain the ladies with raw quinces before marriage, it would have been more to our prefent purpose. It feems more probable, that it was fome other, more delicious fruit. Pliny Thou art a ruftick, Corydon, and Alexis fights thy prefents: Ipeaks of a fort of downy apples, which he calls mala lanata: but we are much at a lofs to know what he meant; and the Criticks generally think the text to be very corrupt in that paffage. I should imagine, that the apples here meant might be Peaches or Apricocks, if Pliny had not informed us, that they were not known in Italy till thirty years before> his time, and that they were fold at a great price; "Sed Perficorum palma Duracinis. Nationum ha "bent, cognomen Gallica et Afi "atica, Poft autumnum maturef cunt, aeftate praecocia intra tri"ginta annos reperta, et primo "denariis fingula venundata. Su"pernatia e Sabinis veniunt, po"pularia undique. Pomum innocuum expetitur aegris. Preti σε umque jam fingulis centeni num"mi fuere, nullius majore: quod "miremur, quia non aliud, fuga"cius. Longiffima namque de"cerpto bidui inora eft, cogitque "fe venundari." It may be queftioned however, whether Pliny meant apricocks in this paffage, by the word praecocia; which perhaps might be used only as an epithet to Perfica; and then it will fignify an early fort of peach. This is certain, that he mentions Armeniaca in the very next chapter, as a fort of plum; "Ingens poftea turba Pru norum.--Necnon ab externa gente Armeniaca, quae fola et "odore commendantur." Perhaps alfo in this paffage, he might mean a fort of plum, which was called the and fhould thou contend with Nec fi muneribus certes, concedat lolas. MAX gifts, thou must at taft give place to Iolas. at the Armenian plum; and then there and thereto of the word; and fo «cés. will have been no mention at all of apricocks in this author. However he certainly makes a diftinction between the Armeniata and Praecoces, whatfoever they were, as in the following paffage, "Floret prima omnium Amygdala, menfe Januario Martio vero pomum maturat. Ab ea proxime florent Ar« meniaca, dein tuberes et PraecoIllae peregrinae; hae co* actae:” Palladius feems to fpeak of them as the fame; "Armenia vel Praecoqua prunis, Duracina Amygdalis adhaerefcunt." Diofcorides diftinguifhes between Peaches and Apricocks, or Perfica and Armeniaca, and fays the latter are fmaller than the former; Ta deep σικὰ μῆλα ευστόμαχα. Ta de μικρότερα καλουμενα Αρμενιακά. Por μαϊστὶ δὲ Πραικόκια ξυσιομαχώτερα τῶν προειρημένων εισίν. We find by this quotation that Apricocks were fo well known in Italy in his time, as to have obtained a Latin name. ticle, but part of the word; and fo pronounced it Aprecocks, and thence formed the fingular Aprecock, and Apricock, as it is now written. Something like this we find in the name of the flower called anemony, which in Greek is aven and in Latin anemone. This we endeavoured to make an English word by removing the accent to the antepenultima, and calling it anemone, whence many taking the two first letters of the word to be the article an, have called it an Emony, and in the plural number Emonies, which corrupt tion has got admittance into feveral books of gardening. From what has been faid, it appears, that the apples in queftion may poffibly be the Mala praecocia or Apricocks; though I do not pofitively affert it. 52. Caftaneafque nuces.]. Some understand the Poet to fpeak of two forts of fruit here; both nuts and cheftnuts. La Cerda quotes. Ovid, as making them different in a paffage that before us; evidently written in imitation of "Afferat aut uvas, aut quas Amaσε ryllis amabat "Et nunc caftaneas, nunc amat "illa nuces. The paixóxia is only praecocia in "At nunc caftaneas non amat illa nuces ;" fo |