The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859Texas A&M University Press, 1999 - 192 sivua In 1821, although Spain claimed what is now Texas, American Indian groups occupied it. Less than forty years later, they had been largely displaced, and their subsistence economy, supplemented by raiding and trade, had been replaced by an Anglo-Texan agricultural economy linked to a rapidly expanding and industrializing capitalist system. For the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, the period from 1821 to 1859 was particularly devastating. Once thriving communities, the Karankawas survived only as scattered individuals after a small remnant on the banks of the Rio Grande was massacred, and the few remaining Tonkawas had been pushed across the Red River into Indian Territory. Kelly Himmel has written an account of this conquest that gives new understanding of the processes. He explores geopolitical and economic factors, as well as the role of individual and collective human actors and the effects of cultural orientations of the conquered and conquering groups toward each other. Among his findings is the importance of geopolitical location. During the early Spanish period, the coastal Karankawas offered a buffer against French, English, and Anglo-American intrusion into Texas. Later, during the early days of Anglo-American settlement, the Tonkawas provided a barrier against the Wichitas and Comanches. For both groups, when the threat to their European-origin allies ended, so did the alliances. In considering the social construction of the “other,” he describes how early trade patterns predisposed Anglo-Texans to characterize Karankawas as cannibals, while viewing the Tonkawas, for whom much stronger evidence of cannibalism exists, as harmless beggars and petty thieves. Through the detailed analysis of factors such as these, Himmel not only portrays a period in the history of these two peoples that has been largely unstudied, but also offers lucid explanations of the framework of Anglo-Texan conquest. Historians, sociologists, and anthropologists will find new insight and information in this valuable addition to the literature on Texas Indians and Texas history. |
Muita painoksia - Näytä kaikki
The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas: 1821-1859 Kelly F. Himmel Rajoitettu esikatselu - 1999 |
The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 Kelly F. Himmel Esikatselu ei käytettävissä - 2016 |
Yleiset termit ja lausekkeet
Akokisas American Indian Anglo Anglo-American Anglo-Texan Anglo-Texan conquest Anglo-Texan settlers Austin's colony Bahía Bidais bison Brazos Reservation Burleson cannibalism cattle Cherokees civilization Coahuila Cocos colonists Colorado River Comanches conquering groups cultural Dallas Herald Edward Burleson empresario ethnic European expedition extermination Goliad Guadalupe River horses hunting imperialism Indian Affairs Indian Exodus Indian Papers Indians of Texas John Karan Karankawa bands Karankawas Karankawas and Tonkawas kawas Lamar lands Lipans lived Louisiana Matagorda Mayeyes Mexican Texas Mexico middle coast military mission murder Neighbors nineteenth century North Nueces population raiding and trading ranch Red River Refugio Republic of Texas reserve Indians Rio Grande Delta San Antonio savage settlement Sjoberg social Sociology southern plains Southwest Southwestern Historical Quarterly Spanish Texas survival Tampaquas Tejano Telegraph and Texas Texans Texas coast Texas frontier Texas Register Texas Revolution tion Tonkawa cannibalism Tonkawas Treaty tribe U.S. government United upper coast violence Volume West western Tonkawas Wichitas William world-system