labors before the first volume-numbered as the fifth, and containing the New Testament-appeared. The Hebrew text differs, it is said, from all previous editions; but we are nowhere told it was derived exclusively from manuscripts. It agrees very closely with the first Bomberg edition, of 1518, which follows that of Brescia, of 1494, whence it has been unfairly conjectured that the Complutensian text was also derived from that source. But the two differ in many places. The fate of the manuscripts collated is not known. The first four volumes contain the Hebrew, Latin, and Greek text of the Old Testament, and the Chaldee paraphrase, with a Latin version of it at the bottom of the page. The margin contains the Hebrew and Chaldee radicals. The fifth volume contains the Greek New Testament, with the Vulgate. The sixth contains the indices, lexicons, and other aids.]

III. Bomberg's second edition of the Rabbinical Bible; Venice, 1525, 1526, folio. [This contains some readings which are not found in the manuscripts, the Masora, or the older editions. They are mistakes, but have yet been copied into the Paris and London Polyglots. Bruns says Bomberg did not desire so much to obtain good manuscripts of the Bible, as accurately written Masora. He formed his text rather after the Masora than after the manuscripts.] Bomberg's second edition has been the basis of most of the subsequent editions."

pare Annales Helmst. vol. i. p. 110. Rosenmüller, 1. c. vol. iii. p. 279, sqq. [This is the title of the Complutensian Polyglot: Biblia Sacra V. T. multiplici Lingua nunc primo impressum. Et imprimis Pentateuchus Hebraico atque Chaldaico Idiomate, adjuncta unicuique sua Latina Interpretatione.]

[Bruns, in Kennicott, Diss. Gen. p. 449.]

The following editions are derived from it: Bomberg's 3d edition of the

IV. The Antwerp Polyglot (1569-1572) represents a mixed text, composed from the two last." [The first four volumes contain the Old Testament; the fifth, the New Testament; and the others, a pretty extensive biblical apparatus, partly critical, and partly of a philological and antiquarian character. The Hebrew text was taken from the Complutensian Polyglot; but Arias Montanus had corrected it, after one of Bomberg's editions, though it is not known from which. Only five hundred copies were printed, and of them many were lost at sea. It was published at the expense of Philip II. of Spain, and is therefore often called the "royal Polyglot."

Besides the above-named text, it contains the paraphrase of Onkelos on the Pentateuch, reprinted from the Complutensian edition; that on the other books, from the Venetian edition, and from manuscripts. The text of the Septuagint is from the Aldine and Complutensian text. The sixth and subsequent volumes contain a valuable critical and philological appara

Bib. Rabb.; Venice, 1547–1549, fol. Bib. Rabb. per Jo. de Gara; Venice, 1568, fol. Bib. Rabb. Bragadini; Venice, 1617, 1618, fol. Bomberg's manual editions of 1528, 1533, 1544, 4to. Stephens's editions of 1644-1646, 16mo. It appears, with some alterations, in Justiniani's editions; Venice, 1541, 4to.; 1552, 18mo.; 1563 and 1573, 4to. Bib. Heb.; Genev. 1618, 4to., 8vo., and 18mo. Bib. Heb. per Jo. de Gara; Venice, 1566, 4to.; 1568, 8vo.; 1682, 4to. Bib. Heb. Typ. Bragadini; Venice, 1614, 1615, 4to. and 12mo.; 1619, 4to.; 1628, 4to.; 1707. Bib. Heb. Ch. Plantinus; Ant. 1566, 4to., 8vo., and 16mo. Bib. Heb. Hartmanni; Franeq. 1595, 4to., 8vo., and 16mo.; 1598, 4to. Bib. Heb. Typ. Zach. Cratonis; Viteb. 1586, (1587,) 4to. [Bib sac. Heb. Chald. Græce et Latine, Philippi II. Reg. Cath. Pietate et Studio ad sacrosanctæ Eccl. Usum. Ch. Plantinus excudebat; Ant. 1569 -1572, 8 vols. fol. See Marsh's Michaelis, vol. iv. pt. i. p. 440, sq. Monthly Repository for 1821, vol. xii. p. 203, and for 1827, new series, p. 572. Pettigrew, Bib. Sussex. vol. i. pt. ii., cited in Horne.]

a

b [Le Long, Masch. vol. i. p. 347.]

a

tus.] It is the basis of numerous editions," and is repeated, also, in the Paris and London Polyglots."

V. Hutter's editions (1587-1603) also contain a mixed text." [He says, in his preface, that he used the Venetian, Antwerp, and Paris copies, as the best of all.] This text has been followed in several other editions." VI. Buxtorf's manual edition of 1611.

Bib. Heb. Lat.; Burg. Aurac. in Hisp. 1581, fol. Bib. Heb. Lat. ; Genev. 1618, fol. Bib. Heb. Lat. sumptibus Fr. Knoch; Franeq. on the Mayne, 1618, fol. Bib. Heb. Lat.; Vien. 1743, 8vo. Bib. sac. quadriling. accur. Christ. Reineccius, (Lips. 1750, fol.,) and his manuals, (Lips. 1725, 8vo.; 1739, 8vo. and 4to.; 1756, 1798, 8vo.)

с

[The following is the title of the Paris Polyglot: Bib. Heb., Samarit., Chald., Græc., Syriaca, Lat., Arab.; Lutetiæ, Par. excudebat Antonius Vitre, 1645, 10 vols. fol. The Samaritan Pentateuch was printed in this work, for the first time.

The London Polyglot has for its title, Bib. sac. Polyg., Brianus Waltonus ; Lond. 1657, 6 vols. fol. It contains the Hebrew text of the Antwerp Polyglot; the Vatican text of the LXX., with the variants of the Alexandrian codex; the Vulgate, after the Roman edition of 1587, 1588, 1592; the Targums; the Persian version of the Pentateuch; the Ethiopic of the Psalms and Canticles; the Syriac and Arabic versions; the Samaritan Pentateuch and version, with the necessary Latin translations of the Oriental versions, and other apparatus. The apocryphal books are printed in Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Arabic. There is a twofold Hebrew text of Tobit. See Horne, 1. c. Bib. Append. pt. 1. ch. i. See Todd's Life of Walton; Lond. 1821, 2 vols. 8vo.]

Bib. Heb. Cura et Studio Elia Hutteri; Hamb. 1587, fol., reprinted 1588, 1596, 1603. See his Præf. fol. i. p. 2.

Bib. Heb. Nisselii, (Lug. Bat. 1662, 8vo.,) and Hutter's Polyglot, which was never finished, (Nürn. 1591, fol.)

עשרים וארבעה והם חמשה חומשי התורה נביאים ראשונים ונביאים ! i. e. the four-and-twenty books], אחרונים וכתובים מדוייק בכל עוז וגבור

which are the five fifths of the Law, the early and later Prophets, and the Hagiographa, revised with the greatest care.

In this edition Buxtorf followed the Masora.] It is the basis of Bib. Heb. cum Typis Manasseh Ben Israel, sumpt. Janssonii; Amst. 1639, 8vo.; [his editions of 1630, 1631, and 1631-1635, 2 vols. 4to., have a different text of their own. Eichhorn, § 400;] of Buxtorf's Bib. Rabb. 1618, 1619, [which,

[Jablon

VII. Athias's edition of 1661 and 1667. ski, who followed Athias, in 1699-1712, attempted to correct the points and accents as well as the text, and had recourse to the Masora and other works of the Jews. He is the first author who, after proclaiming the actual occurrence of many variants in the Hebrew codices,

however, is somewhat corrected from the Masora ;] and of the Bib. Rabb. Mosis Francfurtensis; Amst. 1724, fol. 4 vols.

"Bib. Heb. correcta et collata cum antiquissimis et accuratissimis Exemplaribus MSS. et hactenus impressis, Typis Jos. Athiæ; Amst. 1661, and 1667, 8vo., with Leusden's preface. From this have followed, 1. Bib. Heb. Clodii; Franeq. 1677, 8vo.; recognit. a J. H. Majo, et ultimo rev. a J. Leusdeno; ibid. 1692, 8vo. Biblia ad optimorum tum impressorum speciatim Clodii, Jablonskii, Opitii, quam Manuscriptorum aliquot Codd. fidem collata. Direxit opus. .J. H. Majus; collat. instituit............. G. Chr. Bürclin; ibid. 1716, 4to....... Bib. Heb. ex rec. Dan Ern. Jablonskii; Ber. 1699, 8vo. Præf. § 6, 7: Editionem, quam sequeremur, elegimus Leusdeni posteriorem, (1667.) Verum ipsam non ita presso pede sequuti sumus, ne passim ab eo non nihil discedendum esse putaremus. Proprio itaque studio Bibliorum recensionem aggressuri, ex editionibus impressis eas, quæ reliquarum quasi cardinales videbantur, selegimus, Bombergianam Venet., Regiam, Basileens. Buxtorfii et Hutterian., quibuscum edit. Menassis et al. passim contulimus. Præterea usi sumus MS. Biblioth. Elect. cod., item e Biblioth. Dessav. His plures al. codd. conjunximus....... Ed. 2; Ber. 1772, 12mo.

2. From this have followed, Bib. Heb. J. H. Michaelis; Hal. Mag. 1720, 8vo. [Five MSS., and all the best editions, says the preface, were collated for this; but the work was done imperfectly. See Michaelis, Or. Bib. vol. i. Kennicott, Diss. pp. 86, 146.] Athias's edition of 1667 is accurately reprinted in Bib. Heb. Ever. van der Hooght; Amst. et Ultraj. 1705, 8vo.

3. From this have proceeded, Bib. Heb. Sal. Ben Jos. Props; Amst. 1724, 8vo. Bib. Heb. Lat. cum Vers. Seb. Schmidtii; Lips. 1740, 4to. Bib. Heb. Lat. C. F. Houbigant; Par. 1753, 4 vols. fol. Bib. Heb. Jo. Simonis ; Hal. 1752, 1767, 8vo. Bib. Heb. Benj. Kennicott; Oxon. 1776-1780, fol. Compare Bruns, De Mendis typographicis Edit. Van der Hooght, a Kennicotto non sublatis, in Eichhorn, Repert. vol. xii. p. 225, sqq.

4. Athias is followed, also, in Bib. Heb. cum optimis impress. et MSS. Codd. collata...... Stud. et Op. Hur. Opitii, (Kil. 1709, 4to.;) and from this comes Bib. Heb., (Züllich, 1741, 4to.)

On this and the following section, see Le Long, Masch, pt. i. Wolf, Bib. Heb. vol. ii. p. 364, sqq. Kennicott, Diss. Gen. p. 436, sqq. Rosenmüller, l. c. vol. i. p. 189, sqq., vol. iii. p. 279, sqq., and the Introductions to the O. T.

recommended an accurate examination of such manuscripts as were then known, and a search after others. Yet he published the Hebrew text with but slight deviations from the masoretic text, as it had been printed in Leusden's edition of 1667. He omitted the two suspicious verses in Joshua, which have since been so abundantly confirmed.]"

§ 96.

CRITICAL APPARATUS.

The greater Masora and the various readings are contained in the Rabbinical Bibles of Buxtorf and Bomberg; the various readings may be found in the editions of Sebastian Münster, Van der Hooght, and J. H. Michaelis, in that published at Mantua, (1742— 1744,) with Norzi's critical commentary, and in the

[See Kennicott, 1. c. § 123. Eichhorn, § 401.]

See J. D. Michaelis's Remarks on the Halle Bible of J. H. Michaelis, and the remarkable readings of the Erfurt MSS., which it omits, in his Or. Bib. vol. i. p. 207, sqq. [Rosenmüller, 1. c. p. 500, sums up the merits and deficiencies of Houbigant, by saying he agrees with Cappellus, and often with Morinus, but has not the acuteness of the one, nor the broad learning of the other. His representations of the deficiencies and faults of the present Hebrew text, are far more exaggerated than those of Cappellus Like a medical quack who magnifies the disease of his patient as much as possible, to make his own merit proportionably great, Houbigant strives to make the corruption of the text appear very bad, so that the remedy he has proposed and recommended so strongly, may be taken the more greedily.]

с

O. G. Tychsen, Tentamen, p. 79, sq. De Rossi, Prolegg. ad Varr. Lect. § 37, sqq. The printed title of Norzi's work is, [(the Offering of a Present ;) but its true title is 7 7777, (the Restorer of the Ruins.) See more concerning this valuable edition, which is too little known, in Kennicott, Diss. Gen. § 62, and Rosenmüller, l. c.]