increase of taxation-FINANCES OF INDIA-Mission of Mr. James Wilson

to restore the equilibrium between Revenue and Expenditure-He states

his plans of retrenchment and taxation in the Council at Calcutta-Sir

C. Trevelyan, Governor of Madras, opposes Mr. Wilson's plans, and causes

much embarrassment to the Government—He is promptly removed from

office by the Cabinet-Lord Ellenborough, in the House of Lords, cri-

ticizes the financial proposals of Mr. Wilson-Answer of the Duke of

Argyll-Mr. Danby Seymour adverts to Sir C. Trevelyan's recall, and

eulogizes his services-Sir C. Wood and Lord Palmerston justify the

recall as a measure of inevitable necessity for the public good-Remarks

of Mr. Bright-THE INDIAN FINANCIAL STATEMENT-Sir C. Wood, on

the 13th of August, explains to the House of Commons the state and

prospects of the Indian Exchequer-He defends the increased taxation

proposed by Mr. Wilson-Mr. H. Danby Seymour severely criticizes the

statement-After some discussion, Sir C. Wood's Resolutions are adopted

-RE-ORGANIZATION OF THE INDIAN ARMY-A Bill is brought in by Sir

C. Wood to authorize the amalgamation of the Indian European Army

with the Queen's Forces-The measure is firmly resisted by a section of

the House of Commons-It is opposed in an able speech by Lord Stanley,

but supported by General Peel-Sir E. Colebrooke, Sir De Lacy Evans,

Mr. A. Mills, Mr. M. Milnes, Sir James Elphinstone, Mr. Horsman, Mr.

Baxter, Mr. Danby Seymour, and Mr. Rich, take a prominent part in

opposing the Bill-It is supported by Mr. Sidney Herbert, Mr. Ayrton,

Colonel Percy Herbert, Mr. Vansittart, Sir W. Russell, and Sir C. Wood

-After protracted debates the second reading is carried by 282 to 53–

Further opposition on going into Committee-Various hostile amend-

ments are negatived by large majorities, and the Bill is passed-The

second reading is moved in the House of Lords on the 10th of August

by the Duke of Argyll-Lord Ellenborough expresses great objection to

the Bill-The Earl of Derby also declares his distrust, but declines to

move an amendment-The Duke of Cambridge speaks in favour of the

Bill, and is followed on the same side by Lord Clyde and the Earl

of Granville-The Bill is read a second time, nem. con., and becomes

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, &C.-CHURCH RATES-Sir John Trelawny brings

in again his Bill for the abolition of the rate-Lord R. Montagu moves

the postponement of the second reading for six months-Speeches of

Sir G. C. Lewis, Mr. Ker Seymer, Mr. Bristow, Mr. Disraeli, Lord Fermoy,

and other members-The second reading is carried by 263 to 234—

Further debates on the Bill in Committee-Mr. Newdegate proposes,

as a substitute for Church Rates, a fixed charge on real property-After

much discussion, the amendment is rejected by a large majority-Further

opposition on the third reading of the Bill-Mr. Whiteside moves its

rejection His motion is supported by Mr. Disraeli, opposed by Mr.

Bright, and negatived by a majority of 9, and the Bill is passed-Lord

Lyveden moves the second reading in the House of Lords, and is sup-

ported by Lord Ripon and the Duke of Newcastle-the Dukes of Marl-

borough and Rutland, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Earl of Derby, and

Earl Grey, oppose the Bill-It is thrown out by 128 to 31-TRUSTEES OF

ENDOWED SCHOOLS-A Bill for removing a grievance felt by Dissenters

excluded from these trusts is brought in by Lord Cranworth-Debate in

the House of Lords thereon-It undergoes important changes in Com-

mittee, and in a modified form becomes law-A measure introduced for

the same object by Mr. Dilwyn in the House of Commons, undergoes

much discussion, and on the motion of Mr. Selwyn is postponed for six

months-MAYNOOTH COLLEGE-Mr. Spooner brings on his annual motion

against the endowment of this College-His speech-After a short

debate the motion is negatived by 186 to 128-RELIGIOUS SERVICES IN

THEATRES-Lord Dungannon brings this subject under the notice of the

House of Lords-The Earl of Shaftesbury enters fully into the question

in an interesting speech-Remarks of the Archbishop of Canterbury,

Earl Granville, the Bishops of London and Llandaff, and other peers—

The discussion terminates without result-REVISION OF THE PRAYER-

Book-Lord Ebury moves for the appointment of a Commission, with a

view to a revision of the Liturgy and Canons of the Church of England

-Speeches of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishops of London and

Oxford, Earl Stanhope, Earl Granville, Lord Lyttleton, and other peers-

The motion is rejected without a division-UNION OF CITY BENEFICES—

A Bill introduced by the Bishop of London for the purpose of relieving

spiritual destitution by transferring surplus funds and buildings to other

places-After some debate in the House of Lords, it becomes law-

CENSUS OF 1861-A Bill to authorize this operation is brought in by

the Government-The proposal to require returns as to religious pro-

fession is warmly opposed by the Dissenters-Agitation on this question

-Mr. Baines moves the omission of this clause in the Bill-Speech of

Sir George Lewis-The Government protest against the objection, but

concede the point-The Bill is passed-NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRE-

LAND—Mr. Isaac Butt moves an Address praying for inquiry-Speeches

of Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Cardwell (Secretary for Ireland), Mr. Lefroy, and

Mr. Henessey-The motion is negatived by 196 to 62-TENURE AND IM-

PROVEMENT OF LAND IN IRELAND—Mr. Cardwell brings in a Bill to settle

the much-disputed land question-After much debate and some modi-

fication it is passed into a law-POSTPONED MEASURES-REFORM OF THE

CORPORATION OF LONDON-The Bill introduced by Sir George Lewis

passes a second reading, and is then suspended-REFORM OF THE LAWS

OF BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY-An extended and comprehensive

measure for this purpose is submitted to the House of Commons by the

Attorney-General-It is received with much favour, and a great part of

the Bill passes through Committee, but on account of the pressure of

business is postponed to another Session-MASSACRE OF CHRISTIANS IN

SYRIA-This subject is brought before the House of Lords by Lord

Stratford de Redcliffe-His speech-Speeches of Lord Wodehouse, Mar-

quis of Clanricarde, Earl Granville, and other peers-CONCLUSION OF THE

SESSION-Its great length and severe labour-It is terminated by the

prorogation of Parliament by Commission on the 28th of August-The

Royal Speech delivered by the Lord Chancellor-Review of the opera-

tions of the Session.

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CHAPTER VIII. !

FOREIGN AFFAIRS. ITALY-Proposal of a Congress-Various schemes for

settling the question of Central Italy-Vote of Tuscany and the Æmilia

in favour of Annexation to Piedmont-King Victor Emmanuel receives

the homage of his new subjects-Annexation of Savoy and Nice to

France-Speech of the Emperor of the French-Opposition of the Swiss

Government with respect to the Provinces of Chablais and Faucigny-

Result of the Appeal to Universal Suffrage in Savoy and Nice-Auto-

graph Letter from the King of Sardinia to the Pope-The Pope's Reply

-Opening of the Sardinian Parliament-Speech of the King-Articles

of the Treaty of Cession of Savoy and Nice-Misrule of the King of

Naples-Outbreak of Insurrection in Sicily-Expedition of Garibaldi

-His Proclamation to the Italians-Question of the complicity of the

Sardinian Government-Successes of Garibaldi-Capture of Palermo-

Battle of Melazzo
. [208

CHAPTER IX.

ITALY CONTINUED - Attempts of the King of Naples to conciliate his

subjects-Proclamation of a Constitution-Letter of the French Em-

peror to Count Persigny-Proclamation of Garibaldi from Messina-He

effects a landing on the Mainland-Capture of Reggio-Surrender of

Royalist Troops at San Giovanni, and Terror of the Government at Naples

-Flight of the King and Entry of Garibaldi into the Capital-Insur-

rectionary movements in the Papal Territory-General Lamoricière takes

the command of the Papal Army-Difficulties of his position-Letter

from Count Cavour to Cardinal Antonelli, threatening invasion of the

States of the Church-The Cardinal's Reply-Campaign of Generals

Fanti and Cialdini in the Marches and Umbria-Battle of Castel Fidardo

-Flight of General Lamoricière-Siege and Capture of Ancona-Letter

of Lord John Russell to Sir James Hudson, deprecating an attack by

Sardinia on Venetia-His second letter with reference to the invasion of

the Neapolitan territory by the King of Sardinia-Conference at Warsaw

-Meeting of the Sardinian Chambers-Count Cavour's statement with

respect to Venetia and Rome-Account of Garibaldi's Dictatorship at

Naples Battle of the Volturno and defeat of the Royalist Army by

Garibaldi.

[224

CHAPTER X.

ITALY CONTINUED— -Proclamation of King Victor Emmanuel to the People

of Southern Italy-The Piedmontese Army enters the Abruzzi-Defeat of

the Neapolitan Royalists by General Cialdini-Meeting of King Victor

Emmanuel and Garibaldi—The Royalist Army retires behind the Garig-

liano-Investment of Gaeta and surrender of Capua-Interference of

the French Emperor-Occupation of Roman territory by the French-

Incident at Viterbo-Entry of the King of Sardinia into Naples-

Garibaldi retires to Caprera-His last Proclamation to his Soldiers—

Reactionary attempts in the Neapolitan territory.

SPAIN AND MOROCCO-Causes which led to a war between these two coun-

tries-General O'Donnell, at the head of the Spanish Army, lands in

Africa--Stipulations insisted upon by the British Government-Final

defeat of the Moors at Tetuan-Treaty of Peace-Carlist attempt at

Insurrection-Renunciation of claims to the Spanish Crown by the Comte

de Montemolin-Subsequent revocation by him of that Act.

AUSTRIA-Imperial Patent constituting an enlarged Reichsrath-Manifesto

of the Emperor of Austria, and Imperial Diploma establishing a new

Constitution-Autograph Letters of the Emperor to the great Func-

tionaries of State.

SYRIA Massacre of Christians by the Druses in the towns of the Lebanon

-Disgraceful conduct of the Turkish authorities-Scenes at Zaleh and

Deir-el-Kammar-Outrages and Massacre at Damascus-Convention by

the Western Powers as to interference in Syria-Departure of French

Troops for the East-Vigorous conduct of Fuad Pasha in punishing

the guilty-Appointment of Lord Dufferin as British Commissioner in

Syria.
. [241

CHAPTER XI.

WAR WITH CHINA- Expedition fitted out by England and France to

proceed to China-Lord Elgin and Baron Gros appointed Plenipoten-

tiaries-British Ultimatum addressed to the Chinese Government-Its

Reply-Lord Elgin and Baron Gros wrecked at Ceylon-Rendezvous in

the Bay of Tah-lien-hwan--Peh-tang-Chinese Rebels repelled by the

British at Shanghai-March from Peh-tang to Tangku-Capture of the

-

Taku Forts-Abortive attempts at negotiation-Occupation of Tien-
tsin-Duplicity of the Chinese Commissioners The Allied Forces
advance from Tien-tsin-Treacherous conduct of the Tartar General-
Engagement with the enemy at Tangchow-Seizure of Messrs. Parkes,
Loch, Brabazon, and others, by the Chinese-Fate of the Prisoners-
Narrative of the Captivity and Release of Messrs. Parkes and Loch-
Advance upon Pekin-Capture and Plunder of the Emperor's Summer
Palace Surrender of Pekin to the Allies-Destruction of the Summer
Palace-Convention with the Chinese Government, and Ratification of
the Treaty of Tien-tsin.

UNITED STATES-Danger to the Union from the Question of Slavery-The
Missouri Compromise-The Nebraska Bill-Question of Election of a
President in 1856-Mr. Buchanan's conduct-The Kansas Bill-Resolu-
tions of the House of Representatives hostile to Mr. Buchanan-His
Protest-Contest for the Election of a New President-The Candidates
-Mr. Abraham Lincoln becomes President elect-His previous history
-Meeting of Congress-Message of the President.

TOPICS-Questions of Slavery and Secession-Relations with Great Britain
-Kansas-African Slave Trade-Filibustering

. [258