Thomas, on his return to England, Lieut-Colonel Cleland Cumberlege, H.B.M.'s Consul at Tampico, second son of Joseph Cumberlege, esq., of Bombay. The deceased had served ten years as Consul at Tampico, and died a victim to that unhealthy climate.

Oct. 20. Aged 76, H. Curwen, esq., of Workington Hall, Cumberland, and Bell Isle, Windermere.

Α

April 23. At Vienna, aged 86, Prince Constantine Czartoryski. This distinguished Polish patriot was born at Warsaw in 1773, and was educated, together with his elder brother, Prince Adam (now residing in Paris), under the care of distinguished masters. tour of Europe and a long stay in England served to complete the education of the two princes. The insurrection headed by Kosciuszko gave the first opportunity for the display of their patriotism; and the Empress Catharine having subsequently confiscated the property of their father, only reinstated them in their rights at the earnest solicitation of the Court of Vienna, and on condition that they should reside in St. Petersburg in the character of hostages. After having remained until the year 1793, in Grodno, with their uncle, King Stanislas Augustus, they repaired to the capital of the empire, and were compelled to enter the Russian army. During the Revolutionary period, they quitted the Russian service; and when the Emperor Napoleon raised a Polish legion under Prince Poniatowski, Prince Constantine join ed him with patriotic ardour, and levied at his own expense a regiment of infantry, of which he was colonel, and with which he served with distinction against Austria in 1809 and in 1812 against Russia. Among the various brilliant feats of arms performed by this regiment, its conduct at the siege of Smolensko is more particularly quoted. The Emperor Napoleon decorated the brave and intrepid colonel with his own hand, and nominated him an officer of the Legion of Honour. Subsequently Prince Poniatowski presented him with the Polish Cross. Unfortunately, Prince Constantine Czartoryski's distinguished military career was cut short at the battle of Mojaisk, where his horse was killed under him, and he himself received so serious a contusion that he was forced to leave

the service. Having been nominated aide-de-camp general to the Emperor Alexander I., on the erection of the kingdom of Poland, he soon asked and received leave to retire on account of his health. In 1831, at the time when the Austrian Cabinet seemed favourably disposed towards the Polish cause, Prince Constantine Czartoryski became an active mediator between that Cabinet and the Insurrectional Government. Prince Constantine was at Vienna what his brother is at Paris, the protector of the Polish race. His house was ever open to his Polish compatriots, and he was the liberal patron of all distinguished Polish artists and men of letters.

Dec. 19. At Dalhousie Castle, co. Edinburgh, aged 48, James Andrew Ramsay, Marquess of Dalhousie, and Lord Dalhousie, of Dalhousie Castle, and of the Punjab, in the peerage of England; Earl of Dalhousie, and Lord Ramsay of Dalhousie and Kerrington, and Lord Ramsay of Melrose in the peerage of Scotland; K.T.; Lord Clerk Register and Keeper of the Signet in Scotland, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Constable of Dover Castle, an Elder Brother of the Trinity House, &c.

James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, first Marquess of Dalhousie, was born on the 22nd of April, 1812, at Dalhousie Castle, the third son of the ninth Earl of Dalhousie, of a family dating with the most ancient Scottish nobles, and which was raised to the peerage in 1618, when Sir George Ramsay was created Lord Ramsay by James VI. His son was created Earl of Dalhousie in 1633. With all the world before him, as it presents itself to the vision of a younger son, the future statesman was sent to Harrow, and from Harrow proceeded to Christ Church, Oxford, where in 1833 he took his degree with honours. By the death of his elder brother the honorary designation of Lord Ramsay had already devolved upon him. l'assing from the University the distinguished contemporary of distinguished men-for Earl Stanhope, Sir George Lewis, and Mr. Gladstone had taken honours during his term of residence, and the Earl of Elgin and Earl Canning in his year. Lord Ramsay seized the first opportunity that presented itself to plunge into his element, politics. In the elections for the Parliament of 1835 he

unsuccessfully contested the representation of Edinburgh with Sir John Campbell and Mr. Abercrombie, the Whig Solicitor-General and the Speakerelect of the House of Commons; but entered that Parliament which was summoned on the accession of Her Majesty as member for the county o Haddington. He did not retain his seat long, being called early in the next year to the Upper House, in consequence of the death of his father. Whether in the Lower or the Upper House, Lord Dalhousie never shone much in debate; but his administrative faculty and business habits were soon recognized by the chiefs of his party, and he was marked as a possible Minister. When Sir Robert Peel returned to power in 1841 he had to satisfy so many expectants of a party long excluded from office that he could find no office for the son of Christ Church and the connection of the Duke. In 1843, however, an opportunity served. Mr. Gladstone rose to the Presidency of the Board of Trade, and Lord Dalhousie took his place as Vice-President. Then, again, when his chief resigned the Presidency in 1845, Lord Dalhousie reigned in his stead, and occupied the office during the remainder of Sir Robert Peel's term of government. The new Premier, Lord John Russell, desired that he should retain his post under the new Administration; but this Lord Dalhousie refused, deeming the only honourable course to be to retire with his retiring patron. This unusual compliment was due to the untiring energy and remarkable administrative ability which Lord Dalhousie had displayed in the conduct of his department, at a time when the sudden development of the railway system and the transition to a new commercial era had created an immense amount of work that sorely taxed the resources of his office. The education thus obtained through practice proved invaluable. Incessant labour would have been inadequate to the performance of the task-a statesmauly and judicial power was indispensable to reduce the chaos to order and progress; and through the compulsion which forced on him a masterly comprehension of great public works and the interests of a vast commerce, the Earl was really training himself for the government of an em

pire less advanced in civilization, and especially needing the creation of similar public works for the development of its resources. He was, after a short but active apprenticeship at the Board of Trade, offered the splendid position of Governor-General of India, as successor to Lord Hardinge. He accepted the offer, and arrived at Calcutta on the 12th of January, 1848.

It is not yet possible to write the history of Lord Dalhousie's administration in India. Splendid to all appearance, it must be read by the light of that bloody commentary of the rebellion which succeeded it. That his views were of the largest, that his ambition was of the noblest, that his faculty of direction and government was of the highest order, cannot be doubted. Nor is it unlikely that, if he had been able to retain his post, he, who had all the threads of policy in his hands, and who knew, as no one else knew, to what end a thousand wheels had been set a-working, who devised the policy, who put it in motion, and who, after eight years of power, was regarded with a confidence such as no Governor-General of later days had inspired, might by his mere presence have averted all the calamities which his departure seemed to invite, and might without the necessity of a dreadful ordeal have carried all his measures and projects to a successful and glorious issue. But, on the other hand, it may be that the large conceptions which disturbed the constituted order of things to the very centre, the reforms which were accumulated the one upon the other, the absorption and reconstruction of States, the wide conquests and the vague anticipations of future annexations, may have so unsettled the enduring foundations of government and made all seem to depend upon the will of one man-a Ruler not to be baffled, not to be turned aside, not to be subdued-that when that awe-inspiring Presence was removed that revulsion ensued, that protest whose record is written in characters of blood and fire.

The best account of what Lord Dalhousie proposed to himself, and what he effected as Governor-General, will be found in the celebrated Minute which he drew up, reviewing his administration in India from January, 1848, to March, 1856. It occupies

some forty folio pages, and is one of the most remarkable State Papers ever penned. Beginning with his foreign policy and the wars to which he was compelled, he gives an account of his conquests. From conquest he naturally proceeds to annexation, and between the two, boasts that he has added to the dominion of the Queen no less than four great kingdoms, besides a number of minor principalities. Of the four kingdoms, Pegu and the Punjab belong to the list of conquests; while Nagpore and Oude belong to the class of annexations, to which class must be added the acquisition of Sattara, Jhansi, and Berar. It was less, however, to the acquisition of new territory that he looked with pride than to the means which he adopted for developing the resources of the country and improving the administration of the Government. He could point to railways planned on an enormous scale, and partly commenced; to 4000 miles of electric telegraph spread over India, at an expense of little more than £50l. a-mile; to 2000 miles of road, bridged and mettled nearly the whole distance from Calcutta to Peshawur; to the opening of the Ganges Canal, the largest of the kind in the world; to the progress of the Punjab Canal, and of many other important works of irrigation all over India; as well as to the reorganization of an official department of public works. Keeping equal pace with these public works, he could refer to the postal system which he introduced in imitation of that of Rowland Hill, whereby a letter from Peshawur to Cape Comorin, or from Assam to Kurrachee, is now conveyed for d., or 1-16th of the old charge; to the improved training ordained for the civil service, covenanted and uncovenanted; to the improvement of education and prison discipline; to the organization of the Legislative Council; to the reforms which it had decreed, such as permitting Hindoo widows to marry again, and relieving all persons from the risk of forfeiting property by a change of religion. These are but a few of the incidents of his administration; and, knowing how much they were due to his own intelligence and energy, he might well regard them with pride. There is, perhaps, none of our living statesmen who have succeeded so entirely in breaking away from

the thraldom of red tape, rising above forms, and directing everything with a minute superintendence that nothing could escape. In carrying out these multiplied plans he made himself to a certain extent independent of his subordinates; he did their work, he was a sort of autocrat who broke through all the officialism which is, perhaps, one of the necessary evils of a free Government. He was a king in the sense which Mr. Carlyle admires-one who acts for himself and who comes directly into contact with the governed. Unhappily, the Earl's constitution, never strong, completely broke down under this excess of labour. He went to the mountains for health, but found it not. He had, in 1853, sent his wife home also in bad health; but she died on the homeward voyage, and the first intimation he had of her death was from the newsboys shouting the announcement in the streets of Calcutta. It was a dreadful shock, and ere long it seemed doubtful whether he himself should survive the fatigue of a voyage home, or whether he might not even die before the arrival of his successor. It was at this moment, when Lord Dalhousie's health was inadequate to the responsibilities he had created for himself, that the home authorities announced their policy of the deposition of the King of Oude and the annexation of his kingdom. The policy of this proceeding has been questioned by the highest authorities - its justice still more. But whether politic or unwise, just or iniquitous, no more difficult task has ever been undertaken in India. The integrity of the Oude sovereignty was unbroken, there was a lawful Sovereign and a recognized Court, a numerous, proud, and warlike nobility, a brave people, a country strong by nature, and covered with feudal castles, a rich treasury, a large and not undisciplined army. If such were the strengths of the Oude Sovereign at home, he had a greater strength in the army of his foe, for the Native army of Bengal was chiefly recruited from the youth of Oude. The Native princes, too, stood aghast at the magnitude of the blow and of the crime. Lord Dalhousie was entitled to transfer to his successor the execution of the dangerous project and all the obloquy that must attend it. But he felt that the task, perilous in the most experienced hands, must al

most certainly fail in hands that knew not all the intricacies of Indian policy, and he at once intimated to the Home Government his willingness to remain until the task should be completed. The Indian Minister was well aware how much depended on the strong will and firm band of their representative in the East, and they knew how terrible was the prestige which attached to the presence of the Earl of Dalhousie. And thus it was that the statesman who had expended his strength in the successful administration of a vast empire, and in a victorious foreign policy, poured forth the remnant of his life in accomplishing a deed for which he was not answerable, and which, whether wise and necessary, or the wanton exhibition of power, covered our great Indian province with blood and confusion, and had well nigh brought our empire in the East to a setting in blood and gloom.

Lord Canning arrived in India in February, 1856, and took the reins of government from his sinking predecessor. On the 10th March the Earl of Dalhousie left Calcutta, after receiving an address from all the principal persons of that city, to which he replied in a touching answer, recapitulating his labours, and expressing a too true foreboding of his future. He arrived

in this country with health so irretrievably broken, that he retired at once to the family seat, and though spoken of sometimes has rarely since been heard of. The people, viewing his great powers of government, sometimes named him in their speculations as a future Prime Minister of England. The Earl of Dalhousie was raised to the dignity of an English marquess in 1849, in recognition of his distinguished services; and was appointed Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, on the death of the Duke of Wellington, in 1852; but unlike his illustrious predecessor he was never able to visit the scene of his jurisdiction. The first and last Marquess of Dalhousie married, in 1836, Lady Susan Georgina, eldest daughter of the Marquess of Tweeddale, who died in 1853. By this lady he has left two daughters, one of whom is married to Sir James Fergusson, of Kilkerran. In default of male issue, the earldom devolves on Lord Panmure, who also inherits the ancestral estate of Dalhousie Castle,

Oct. 2. In Northgate-st., Bury St. Edmund's, aged 93, W. Dalton, esq. An enthusiastic traveller, Mr. Dalton had visited great part both of Europe and America, and his recollections were interesting, both from the period over which they extended and the scenes he had witnessed. In spite of his frequent absence, he did not forget the claims of his native town, and Bury owes many of its improvements to his care. Mr. Dalton married, rather late in life, Miss Alexander, niece of the first Earl of Caledon and aunt to Lord Cranworth, but had no family.

Nov. 3. At Ootacamund, Sir Henry Davison, Chief Justice of Madras, and formerly Chief Justice of Bombay.

March 22. At Market-jew-ter., Penzance, aged 81, Miss Kitty Davy, only surviving sister of the late Sir Humphrey Davy.

Dec. 19. At his residence, Westbrooke, Bolton-le-Moors, aged 56, Matthew Dawes, esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., &c.

March 21. At Woodyeates, Mr. John Day, senior, the well-known jockey and trainer, who, from his straightforward conduct in business, was commonly known as "Honest John."

Aug. Aged 57, M. Alexandre Gabriel Decamps, one of the most celebrated painters of the Modern School. He met with an untimely death at Fontainbleau. He had mounted his horse to hunt with the Emperor's hounds, when the animal took fright, dashed his rider against the overhanging branch of a tree, and killed him on the spot. M. Decamps had travelled much, and was a man of great originality of cha

racter.

Oct. 25. At Paris, aged 80, the Duke Decazes, once the favourite Minister of Louis XVIII. Born at Libourne, in the Gironde, he early came to Paris to study the law, and laid the foundation of his fortune by a marriage with the daughter of Count Muraire, then President of the Court of Cassation. He was a councillor in the Imperial Court, and afterwards private secretary to the Empress-mother; but on the restoration of the Bourbons he at once joined them, and remained faithful to their cause during their temporary overthrow in 1815. After the battle of Waterloo he repaired to Paris, and assumed, on his own authority, the post of préfect of police, in which he did good service in maintaining the tranquillity of the

capital. This gained him the confidence of Louis XVIII., who continued him in office but being a really honest, moderate man, he became obnoxious to the vehement partisans on both sides. He, however, kept his place near the king, and was made a peer. In 1818 he resigned the portfolio of police, and became Minister of the Interior, and eventually President of the Council; but the king, being obliged to part with him, M. Decazes was sent for a time as ambassador to England. In 1821 he returned, and took a conspicuous place in the Chamber of Peers, where he took part in the opposition to the unwise proceedings of Charles X. and his ministers, though he was greatly afflicted by their subsequent overthrow. He, however, returned to the Chamber of Peers after a time, and continued an active member until the Revolution of 1848 drove him into private life, and he took no part in subsequent events. He also received from the King of Denmark the title of the Duke of Glucksberg.

Feb. 25. In Hertford-st., May-fair, aged 82, John D'Evereux, esq., a lieutenant-general in the armies of the Republics of Venezuela and New Granada. The deceased soldier belonged to a state of things of which few relics are now left. He represented one of the oldest and most indisputably Norman families in these islands. His branch, the eldest of the D'Evereux, had been settled for many centuries upon the family estates in Wexford, when the rebellion of 1798 broke out. That movement was, far more than is generally understood, guided and promoted by the old Irish aristocracy of all races; and among those who took part in it was young D'Evereux, who, at the very early age of eighteen, had the command of a division in the rebel army. On the failure of the rising, D'Evereux made his submission to the Government, and, through the influence of Lord Cornwallis, the then LordLieutenant, received a free pardon and remission of all forfeitures, upon the sole condition of remaining abroad for some years. This condition was complied with, and the treatment he had received converted the enthusiastic rebel into a resolutely loyal subject. This attachment was strongly marked when the Emperor Napoleon offered Mr. D'Evereux a general's commission

in the army he was preparing for the invasion of England in the early part of the century, and suggested that, in the event of satisfactory service, the old domain of Evereux in Normandy, from which the family took its name, should be repurchased for him, and that he should be created a Count of the Empire. This offer was pressed upon him by the Emperor in a personal interview, and was firmly refused, to the Napoleon's no small wrath. The principal later event of John D'Evereux's life was his raising and taking out to South America the Irish Legion, which assisted Bolivar in conquering the independence of the South American republics. The later disasters of some of these communities have obscured the recollection of the enthusiasm which greeted their birth, evinced alike in the rhetoric of Canning, and in the sympathy of the general liberal public. What the Englishman Guyon was to the unsuccessful Hungarian insurrection of 1848-49, John D'Evereux was in some sort to Venezuela and Nueva Granada in 1820 and the ensuing years. At the date of his decease, he was the senior lieutenant-general of these republics, and in the nominal receipt of a considerable pension from them.

Nov. 14. At Hitchin Priory, aged 27, Seymour Walter Delmé Radcliffe, Commander in the Royal Navy, eldest son of Fred. Peter Delmé-Radcliffe, esq.

Oct. 5. At Woolwich, aged 55, Charles Dempsey, esq., Inspector-General of Hospitals.

Sept. 20. In the Queen's Prison, where he had been confined four years, Sir Francis Desanges, knt., formerly Sheriff of London and Middlesex, and also of Oxfordshire.

June 12. At Paris, aged 61, Admiral Parseval Deschênes. The deceased entered the navy in 1804, was in the Bucentaure at the battle of Trafalgar, and escaped by miracie in the destruction of that vessel. In 1830 he commanded the Euryale in the capture of Algiers. In 1833 he took part in the expedition against Rosas, the occupation of the Isle of Martin Garcia, and siege of Saint Juan d'Ulloa. He obtained the grade of Rear-Admiral in 1840, Vice-Admiral in 1846, and a member of the Council of the Admiralty in 1851. In 1854, as commandant of the French squadron in the Baltic, he was