don, "I cannot wish him to survive his usefulness. It is poor living to be nursed." At this time a storm of persecution broke upon some quarter of his vineyard, and an appeal was made to his sympathy by the sufferers. He did sympathize with them; but told them, "should the present illness of dear Mr. Wesley issue in his death, that will be a storm of a far more threatening nature." Happily for the world and the church, Wesley was spared nearly forty years longer.

Whitefield was cheered in his winter quarters this year, by the visit of his friends Tennent and Davies of America, who had come over to collect for the college of New Jersey. He entered with all his soul into their object, and threw all his influence upon their side. He also obtained, in prospect of his return to Georgia,“ twenty-two prizes," as he calls the orphans whom he had selected to go with him. He then prepared to sail. The next chapter contains his own account of Lisbon ; and is worthy of deep notice at this time, whilst popery is softened by one class of politicians, and libelled (if that be possible) by another.

It is curious that living popery made Whitefield forget, during his visit, dead Doddridge, at Lisbon: at least, I have found no letter yet that shows any visit to his tomb.

CHAPTER XX.

WHITEFIELD IN LISBON.

1754.

"THE following letters were written about a twelvemonth ago, and are now sent into the world at the earnest desire of many. If an infinitely condescending God shall vouchsafe to bless the perusal of them, to excite in any, either at home or abroad, a more obediential and zealous thankfulness for the civil and religious liberties we enjoy; or make them any way instrumental in stirring up my fellow-protestants and dear countrymen to exert themselves more vigorously at this critical juncture, against those who, if conquerors, would quickly rob us of those invaluable blessings, I shall not repent that the publication of them was consented to by, courteous reader, thy willing servant, for Christ's sake, G. W.

"By this time, I suppose, you have heard of my having been at Lisbon, and are wondering what led me thither, espe cially since my last informed you of my intention to go to Georgia by way of New-York. This was really my design at the time of my writing; but being afterward called by Providence to take with me several orphan children, I thought it most advisable to go and settle them, and my other domestic affairs, at the orphan-house first; that I might visit the northern parts of America with more ease and freedom in my own mind. It happened that the Success, Captain Thompson, bound for Port Royal, South Carolina, (which is not very far from Georgia,) was then almost ready to sail. I sent for the owner, and finding that the ship was to touch at Lisbon to unload some wheat, it occasioned a little demur; but, upon se cond thoughts, believing it might be serviceable to me, as a preacher and protestant, to see something of the superstitions of the church of Rome, I took my passage and embarked in the Success the 7th of March. On the 14th we reached Cape Finisterre; on the 15th came in sight of the Burlings; and on the 16th anchored safe before Bellem, about four miles

distant from Lisbon city, the metropolis of Portugal. As I knew nobody there, and had formed but an indifferent idea of the inhabitants, from the account that had been given me of them, I had purposed within myself to keep on board, and go ashore only now and then in the day-time. But Providence so ordered it, that a gentleman of the factory, who had heard me himself, and whose brother had been awakened under my ministry several years ago, immediately, upon hearing of my arrival, sent me an offer of his house during my stay. I thankfully accepted it; and special leave being procured for my going ashore, I was carried in a chaise and pair from Bellem to Lisbon. A new scene, both in respect to the situation of the place, the fashion of the buildings, and the dress of the inhabitants, presented itself all the way. But what engaged my attention most, was the frequency of crucifixes and little images of the Virgin Mary, and other real or reputed saints, which were placed almost in every street, or fixed against the walls of the houses almost at every turning, with lamps hanging before them. To these I observed the people bow as they passed along; and near some of them stood several little companies, singing with great earnestness. This seemed to me very odd, and gave me an idea of what further ecclesiastical curiosities would probably fall in my way, if I should be detained any time here. These expectations were quickly raised; for, not long after my arrival at my new lodgings, (where I was received and entertained with great gentility, hospitality, and friendliness,) upon looking out of the window, I saw a company of priests and friars bearing lighted wax tapers, and attended by various sorts of people, some of which had bags and baskets of victuals in their hands, and others carried provisions upon their shoulders on sticks between two. After these followed a mixed multitude, singing with a very audible voice, and addressing the Virgin Mary in their usual strain, ' Ora pro nobis.' In this manner they proceeded to the prison, where all was deposited for the use of the poor persons confined therein. But a far more pompous procession of the like nature (as a stander-by informed me) passed by a few days after. In this there were near three hundred Franciscan friars, many of which (besides porters hired for the purpose) were loaded with a variety of food; and those who bore no burden, carried either ladles or spoons in their hands. Sights of this nature being quite a novelty to me, I was fond

of attending as many of them as I could. Two things concurred to make them more frequent at this juncture, viz. the season of Lent, and an excessive drought, which threatened the total destruction of the fruits of the earth. For the averting so great a judgment, and for the imploring the much-longedfor blessing of rain, daily processions had been made from one convent or another for a considerable time. One of these I saw. It was looked upon as a pretty grand one, being made up of the Carmelite friars, the parish priests, and a great number of what they call the brothers of the order, who walked two by two in divers habits, holding a long and very large lighted wax taper in their right hands. Amidst these was carried, upon eight or ten men's shoulders, a tall image of the Virgin Mary, in a kind of man's attire; for I think she had a very fine white wig on her head, (a dress she often appears in,) and was much adorned with jewels and glittering stones. At some distance from the lady, under a large canopy of state, and supported likewise by six or eight persons, came a priest, holding in his hand some noted relic. After him followed several thousands of people, joining with the friars in singing, 'Eandem cantilenam, ora pro nobis,' all the way. Still rain was denied, and still processions were continued. At length the clouds began to gather, and the mercury in the barometer fell very much. Then was brought out a wooden image, which they say never failed. It was the figure of our blessed Lord, clothed with purple robes, and crowned with thorns. I think they call him the LORD OF THE PASSION. Upon his shoulders he bore a large cross, under the weight of which he was represented as stooping, till his body bent almost double. He was brought from the Le Grass convent in very great pomp, and placed in a large cathedral church. Being on board at that time, I lost this sight; but, the subsequent evening, I beheld the Seigneur fixed on an eminence in a large cathedral church, near the altar, surrounded with wax tapers of a prodigious size. He was attended by many noblemen, and thousands of spectators of all ranks and stations, who crowded from every quarter, and, in their turns, were admitted by the guards to come within the rails and perform their devotions. This they expressed by kneeling, and kissing the Seigneur's heel, by putting their left and right eye to it, and then touching it with their beads, which a gentleman in waiting received from them, and then returned again. This scene was repeated for three days successively; and, during

all this time, the church and space before it was so thronged with carriages and people, that there was scarce any passing. The music on this occasion was extremely soft, and the church was illuminated in a very striking manner. The third day in the forenoon it rained, and soon after the Seigneur was conducted home in as great splendour, and much greater rejoicing, than when he was brought forth. As my situation was very commodious, I saw the whole; and afterwards went and heard part of the sermon, which was delivered before him in the church to which the Seigneur belonged. The preacher was full of action; and in some part of his discourse, (as one who understood Portuguese informed me,) pointing to the image, he said, Now he is at rest. He went out in justice, but is returned in mercy.' And towards the conclusion, he called upon the people to join with him in an extempore prayer. This they did with great fervency, which was expressed not only by repeating it aloud, but by beating their breasts, and clapping their cheeks, and weeping heartily. To complete the solemnity, immediately after the delivery of the blessing, all on a sudden, from the place near which the image stood, there was heard a most soft and soothing symphony of music; which being ended, the assembly broke up, and I returned to my lodgings, not a little affected to see so many thousands led away from the simplicity of the gospel, by such a mixture of human artifice and blind superstition, of which indeed I could have formed no idea, had I not been an eye-witness of it myself. This concern was still increased by what I heard from some of my fellow-passengers, who informed me, that about eleven one night, after I came aboard, they not only heard a friar preaching most fervently before the Seigneur, but also saw several companies of penitents brought in, lashing and whipping themselves severely. How little unlike this to those who cut themselves with knives and lancets, and cried out from morning till night, 'O Baal, hear us!' Methinks I hear you say, And, had I been present, I should have wished for the spirit of an Elijah to— Hush, my friend-I am content to guess at the rest till we meet. In the mean while, let us comfort ourselves with this thought, that there is a season approaching, when the Lord God of Elijah will himself come, and destroy this and every other species of antichrist, by the breath of his mouth, and the brightness of his appearing,' even by the all-conquering manifestations of his eternal Spirit. Whether as men, Chris