The Transformation of Cinema, 1907-1915

actors advertisement American Film appear April audience August Balshofer began Biograph Company California camera Chicago Cinema City close-up comedy D. W. Griffith December dialogue titles directed by D. W. director distribution Eastman Edison editing Essanay exhibitors feature film February Film Company filmmakers Florence Lawrence Gene Gauntier genre George George Kleine Georges Méliès girl high-class houses illustrated song independent industry intertitles January July June Kalem Kinemacolor Kleine Lubin manager manufacturers March Marion Leonard Méliès melodrama Modern Art Motion Picture Motion Picture Company Motion Picture Patents movie Moving Picture World moving-picture MPPC narrative nickelodeons November NYDM October Pathé Frères Picture Patents Company play producers Reel a Week released Sales Company scene screen Selig September 1909 shot Sidney Olcott slapstick spectator stage Stephen Bush story studio Thanhouser theaters Thomas Ince trademark uplift vaudeville Vitagraph Western York Dramatic Mirror York Motion Picture