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OTHER LATIN AMERICAN STATES.

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION.-(1) Treaty for the free navigation of the rivers Parana and Uruguay, July 10, 1853. These rivers, in so far as they are controlled by the Argentine Confederation, are to be opened to the merchant vessels of all nations. (2) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, July 27, 1853.

BOLIVIA. Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, May 13, 1858. (See also Peru-Bolivia.)

CENTRAL AMERICA.-Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, December 5, 1825.

CHILE. (1) Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce, May 16, 1832. (2) Convention explanatory of the treaty of 1832. Citizens of both nations shall enjoy perfect equality before the law. The 3d article declares that, "It being agreed by the 29th article of the aforesaid treaty that deserters from the public and private vessels of either party are to be restored thereto by the respective consuls; and whereas it is declared by the article 132 of the present constitution of Chili that there are no slaves in Chili,' and that slaves touching the territory of the Republic are free,' it is likewise naturally understood that the aforesaid stipulation shall not comprehend slaves serving under any denomination on board the public or private ships of the United States of America." (3) Convention concerning the submission to arbitration of the Macedonian Claims. be referred to the King of Belgium.

To

COSTA RICA.-(1) Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, July 10, 1851. (2) Claims, July 2, 1860.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.-Treaty of Amity, Commerce, Navigation and Extradition, February 8, 1867.

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ECUADOR. (1) Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Navigation, and Commerce, June 13, 1839.-The 34th article contains an agreement that "the words, most favored nation,' that occur in this treaty, shall not be so construed as to prevent either of the contracting parties from concluding any treaty or convention with any other nation or State it may think proper, as freely

and as fully as though said words were not used; Provided, however, that notwithstanding any such treaty or convention, the citizens of the United States shall be placed in Ecuador, with respect to navigation and commerce, upon an equal footing with the subjects of Spain and with the citizens of Mexico and of the other Hispano-American States, with which treaties have been or may be concluded, etc.”

Violation of the treaty is not to authorize reprisals or war. (2) Claims Convention, November 25, 1862. (3) Convention relative to Naturalization (see Naturalization Treaties). (4) Extradition treaty, June 28, 1872 (see Extradition Treaties).

GUATEMALA.—Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, March 3, 1849. Article XIV. declares the principle of "free ships, free goods," provided that this shall be understood to apply to those powers only who recognize this principle. Article XV.—" It is likewise agreed that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found in such enemy's vessels shall be held and considered as enemy's property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree that, two months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy's property, in that case the goods and merchandises of the neutral embarked in such enemy's ship shall be free."

A list of goods to be considered free is given in the 16th article, which is the same as in the older treaties: and in the 17th article it is stipulated that all other goods shall be considered as free, except when going to places besieged or blockaded. And those places only are to be considered besieged or blockaded which are attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of a neutral.

The 27th and 28th articles accord the privileges of the most favored nation to envoys and consuls.

HAYTI. Treaty of Amity, Commerce, Navigation, and Extra

dition, November 3, 1864. By the 19th article, free ships make free goods; and the property of neutrals on board of an enemy's vessel is not subject to confiscation, unless it be contraband of war.

HONDURAS.-Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, July, 1864.

PARAGUAY.—(1) Convention for the settlement of claims of the "United States and Paraguay Navigation Company." February 4, 1859, it was agreed to refer the question to commissioners. (2) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, February 4, 1859.

PERU-BOLIVIA.-Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, November 30, 1836.

PERU. (1) Conventions for the settlement of claims, 1841, 1862, 1863, 1868. (2) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, 1851, and 1857. (3) Convention relative to the rights of neutrals at sea, July 22, 1856. This was for the purpose of establishing “a uniform system of maritime legislation in time of war, in accordance with the present state of civilization."

1st. Free ships make free goods, with the exception of contraband.

2d. The property of neutrals on board of an enemy's vessel is not subject to confiscation or detention; "it being also understood that, as far as regards the two contracting parties, warlike articles destined for the use of either of them shall not be considered as contraband of war."

And these principles are to be applied "to the commerce and navigation of all such Powers and States as shall consent to adopt them as permanent and immutable."

(4) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, September 6, 1870. (5) Convention for Extradition. (See Extradition Treaties.) (6) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, August 31, 1887. By the 20th article it is stipulated that articles of contraband "shall be subject to detention and confiscation, but the rest of the cargo and the ship shall be left free, etc." By the 22d article, privateers shall give security to answer for all injuries, before receiving their commissions.

SALVADOR.-(1) Treaty of Amity, Navigation, and Commerce, January 2, 1850. (2) Convention for Extradition. (See Extra

dition Treaties.) (3) Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Consular Privileges, December 6, 1870. In respect of property in time of war, same as treaty with Peru, July 22, 1856 (articles 15 and 16).

TEXAS. (1) Convention for settlement of claims, April 11, 1838. (2) Convention for marking the boundary, April 25, 1838. VENEZUELA. (1) Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Navigation, and Commerce, January 20, 1836. (2) Convention for the settlement of the Aves Island Claims, January 14, 1859. The government of Venezuela to pay to the government of the United States, $130,000. (3) Treaty of Amity, Commerce, Navigation, and Extradition, August 27, 1860. (4) Claims Convention, 1866.

BRAZIL.—(1) Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, December 12, 1828. (2) Claims, Convention, 1849. (3) Agreement concerning Trade-marks, September 24, 1878.1

1 Note to Reciprocity Treaty with Mexico, of 1883.-This Treaty was to go into effect only when the necessary legislation was passed. Congress has failed to enact such legislation; and the treaty remains suspended.

V.

CONSULAR CONVENTIONS.

FRANCE, 1853.

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF

Concluded February 23, 1853.

August 11, 1853.

CONSULS.

Ratifications exchanged at Washington,
Proclaimed August 12, 1853.

"The President of the United States of America, and His Majesty the Emperor of the French, being equally desirous to strengthen the bonds of friendship between the two nations, and to give a new and more ample development to their commercial intercourse, deem it expedient, for the accomplishment of that purpose, to conclude a special convention which shall determine, in a precise and reciprocal manner, the rights, privileges and duties of the Consuls of the two countries. Accordingly they have named:

"The President of the United States, the Honorable Edward Everett, Secretary of State of the United States; His Majesty the Emperor of the French, the Count de Sartiges, Commander of the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honor, &c., &c., his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Washington;

"Who, after communicating to each other their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:"

ARTICLE I.-" (Exequaturs.)—The Consuls-General, Consuls and Vice-Consuls or Consular Agents of the United States and France shall be reciprocally received and recognized, on the presentation of their commissions, in the form established in their respective countries. The necessary exequatur for the

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