Anoff. reft of the fubjects. The Anacandrians are defcendants of the chiefs, but who have degenerated, and are accounted the baftards of princes, or those who are defcended from a Rohandrian and any inferior white or black woman. These are likewife called by the name of Ontempaffemaca, or people from the fandy parts of Mecca, from whence, they fay, came the Rohandrians. Both the Rohandrians and Anacandrians wear long hair, which hangs down in curls; and enjoy the privilege of killing beafts. The Ondzatfi, or lowest clafs of whites, are defcended from the baftards of the Anacandrians. Thefe are all fishermen, and are allowed to kill no land-animal except a chicken. The four claffes of negroes are named Voadziri, Lohavohits, Ontfoa, and Ondeves. The Voadziri, the moft powerful and the richeft, are mafters of feveral villages, and defcended from the original lords of the country. They enjoy the privilege of killing beafts, when at a diftance from the whites, and no Rohandrian or Anacandrian in the village. The Lohavohits are defcendants from the Voadziri, and also lords; but with this difference, that the one commands a whole district, and the jurifdiction of the others extends only to their own village and family. They are alfo permitted to kill thofe beafts they intend to eat, when at a distance from the whites. The Ontfoa are next to the Lohavohits, and are their near relations. The Ondeves are the loweft of all, being originally flaves by father and mother. The Voadziri, Lohavohits, and Ontfoa, enjoy the privilege of fubmitting themfelves, on the death of their lord or king, to any chief they pleafe. In return for fuch homage the new lord makes them a present, in confequence of which he becomes heir to all their poffeffions. Hence the lower claffes both of whites and blacks, when death approaches, are under the greateft concern and anguish of mind, well knowing that their lords will not fail to deprive their children of every thing they poffefs. The Ondeves have not the fame liberty with the others: but, in times of famine, the chiefs are obliged to fupply them with neceffaries; which if they fail to do, they have the liberty of fubmitting themselves to new mafters. The inhabitants of this province have no temples, and very little appearance of religion; only they keep up a cuftom of immolating beafts upon particular occafions, as in ficknefs, planting yams or rice, on affemblies, &c. They offer the firft-born beast to the devil and to God, naming the devil first, in this manner, Dianbilis Aminhanhabare, or "Lord Devil and God."-There are feveral towns on the river Franchere; and near this river the Portuguese had a fort built upon a steep rock, and feveral buildings below, with inclofures, which furnished all forts of neceffaries for their fubfiftence; but they were all maffacred by the natives. This province feems originally to have been inhabited by negroes. The whites or Zaferamini fettled in it about 200 years ago, and conquered the negroes. But they themselves were conquered by the French, though under the government of a king whom they honoured as a god. In 1642, Captain Rivault obtained a permiffion to establish a colony in this part of the island; and accordingly he took poffeffion of it in the name of the king of France, in the month of September, that fame year. The French landed 200 men well armed and provided with store of ammunition and other neceffaries for building a fort, which they immediately fet about; Anotta. but no fooner did the natives obferve their intention, than they used their utmost art to prevent their defign from taking effect. This created a war, in which the French were victors; and, the natives becoming in time much better reconciled to them, they intermarried, and lived up and down in feveral towns at some distance from one another, not above five or fix in a place. This tranquillity lafted for fome years; but at last the natives, growing jealous, refolved to free themselves from a foreign yoke, and accordingly formed a confpiracy to cut off all the French in one day; which they foon after effected, not leaving a fingle perfon alive. In 1644 the above-mentioned Fort Dauphin was erected in Lat. 25. 6. S. Many buildings were erected, behind the Fort, adjoining to the governor's houfe, with great inclofures that produced every fort of fruit and kitchen herb. In 1656 this fort was accidentally deftroyed by fire; but was foon after repaired, and ftill continues notwithstanding the catastrophe above mentioned, and its garrifon carries on frequent wars with the natives. ANOTTA, or ARNOTTA, in dyeing, an elegant red colour, formed from the pellicles or pulp of the feeds of the BIXA, a tree common in South America. It is alfo called Terra Orleana, and Roucou. The manner of making anotta is as follows: The red feeds cleared from the pods, are fteeped in water for feven or eight days or longer, till the liquor begins to ferment; then strongly stirred, flamped with wooden paddles and beaters, to promote the feparation of the red fkins: this procefs is repeated feveral times till the feeds are left white. The liquor, paffed through clofe cane-fieves, is pretty thick, of a deep red colour, and a very ill fmell; in boiling, it throws up its colouring matter to the furface in form of feum, which is afterwards boiled down by itself to a due consistence, and made up while foft into balls. The anotta commonly met with among us, is moderately hard and dry, of a brown colour on the outfide, and a dull red within. It is difficultly acted upon by water, and tinges the liquor only of a pale brownish-yellow colour. In rectified fpirit of wine, it very readily diffolves, and communicates a high orange or yellowish red. Hence it is used as an ingredient in varnishes, for giving more or lefs of an orange-caft to the fimple yellows. Alkaline falts render it perfectly foluble in boiling water, without altering its colour. Wool or filk boiled in the folution acquire a deep, but not a very durable, orange-dye. Its colour is not changed by alum or by acids, any more than by alkalis: but when imbibed in cloth, it is difcharged by foap, and deftroyed by exposure to the air. It is faid to be an antidote to the poisonous juice of manioc or caffava.-Labat informs us, that the Indians prepare an anotta greatly fuperior to that which is brought to us, of a bright fhining red colour, almoft equal to carmine: that, for this purpose, inftead of fteeping and fermenting the feeds in water, they rub them with the hands, previoufly dipt in oil, till the pellicles come off, and are reduced into a clear pafte; which is fcraped off from the hands with a knife, and laid on a clean leaf in the fhade to dry. De Laet, in his notes on Margrave's natural hiftory of Brazil, mentions alfo two kinds of anotta; one of a permanent crimson colour, ufed as a fucus or paint for the face; and another which gives a colour inclining more Anout Anfarians. more to that of saffron. This laft, which is our anotta, he fuppofes to be a mixture of the firft fort with certain refinous matters, and with the juice of the root of the tree. The wax or pulp in which the feeds are inclofed is a cool agreeable rich cordial, and has been long in ufe among the Indians and Spaniards in America, who ftill mix it with their chocolate, both to heighten the flavour and raife the colour. It is faid to be a fuccefsful remedy in bloody-fluxes. The roots have much the fame properties with the wax; but these are observed to work more powerfully by the urinary pailages: they are used by fome people in their broths, and feem to anfwer all the purposes of the pulp, but in a more faint degree. See BIXA. ANOUT, a fmall island in the Schagerrack, or that part of the fea of Denmark which has Norway on the north, Jutland on the weft, and the ifle of Zealand on the fouth; it lies in 13 E. Long. and 56° 36′ N: Lat. ANSÆ, in aftronomy, implies the parts of Saturn's ring projecting beyond the difk of the planet.-The word is Latin, and properly fignifies handles; thefe parts of the ring appearing like handles to the body of the planet. ANSARIANS, a people of Syria, fo called in the country, but ftyled in Delifle's maps Enfarians, and in thofe of Danville, Nojaris. The territory occupied by these Anfaria is that chain of mountains which extends from Antakia to the rivulet called Nahr-el-Kabir, or the Great River. The hiftory of their origin, though little known, is yet instructive, The follow ing account is from the Bibliotheque Orientale of Affemani, a writer who has drawn his materials from the beft authorities. "In the year of the Greeks 1202 (A. D. 891), there lived at the village of Nafar, in the environs of Koufa, an old man, who, from his faftings, his continual prayers, and his poverty, paffed for a faint: feveral of the common people declaring themfelves his partizans, he felected from among them twelve difciples to propagate his doctrine. But the commandant of the place, alarmed at his proceedings, feized the old man, and confined him in prifon. In this reverfe of fortune, his fituation excited the pity of a girl who was flave to the goaler, and fhe determined to give him his liberty: an opportunity foon offered to effect her defign. One day when the goaler was gone to bed intoxicated, and in a profound fleep, the gently took the keys from under his pillow, and after opening the door to the old man, returned them to their place unperceived by her mafter: the next day when the goaler went to vifit his prifoner, he was extremely aftonished at finding he had made his escape, and the more fo fince he could perceive no marks of violence. He therefore judiciously concluded he had been delivered by an angel, and eagerly fpread the report, to avoid the reprehenfion he merited; the old man, on the other hand, afferted the fame thing to his difciples, and preached his doctrines with more earneftnefs than ever. He even wrote a book, in which, among other things, he fays, I, fuch a one, of the village of Nafar, have feen Chrift who is the word of God, who is Ahmad, fon of Mohammad, fon of Hanafa, of the race of Ali; who alfo is Gabriel : and he faid to me, Thou art he who readeth (with underftanding); thou art the man who fpeaketh truth; thou art the camel which pre I Anfelm. ferveth the faithful from wrath; thou art the beaft Anfariane which carrieth their burden; thou art the (Holy) Spirit, and John, the fon of Zachary. Go, and preach to men that they make four genuflections in praying; two before the rifing of the fun, and two before his fetting, turning their faces towards Jerufalem: and let them fay, three times, God Almighty! God Moft High! God Moft Great! Let them obferve only the second and third feftival; let them faft but two days annually; let them not wash the prepuce, nor drink beer, but as much wine as they think proper; and laftly, let them abstain from the flesh of carnivorous animals.' This old man paffing into Syria, propagated his opinions among the lower orders of the country people, numbers of whom believed in him: And after a few years he went away, and nobody ever knew what became of him." Such was the origin of these Ansarians, who are, for the most part, inhabitants of the mountains before men tioned. The Anfaria are divided into feveral tribes or fects; among which are diftinguished the Shamfia, or adorers of the fun; the Kelbia, or worshippers of the dog; and the Kadmoufia, who are faid to pay a particular homage to that part in women which corresponds to the priapus. Many of the Anfaria believe in the metempfychofis; others reject the immortality of the foul; and in general, in that civil and religious anarchy, that ignorance and rudenefs which prevail among them, thefe pealants adopt what opinions they think proper, following the fect they like beft, and frequently attaching themselves to none. Their country is divided into three principal dificts farmed by the chiefs called Mokaddamim. Their tribute is paid to the Pacha of Tripoli, from whom they annually receive their title. Their mountains are in general not fo fteep as thofe of Lebanon, and confequently are better adapted to cultivation; but they are alfo more exposed to the Turks, and hence doubtless, it happens, that with greater plenty of corn, tobacco, wines, and olives, they are more thinly inhabited than thofe of their neighbours the MARONITES and the DRUZES. ANSE, an ancient town of France, in the Lyonois, ten miles north of Lyons, Long. 6. 55. N. Lat 45. 55. ANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury, in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I. He was born in the year 1033, at Aoft, a town in Savoy at the foot of the Alps. He became a monk in the abbey of Bec in Normandy; of which he was afterwards chofen prior, and then abbot. In the year 1092, he was invited over to England by Hugh Earl of Cheiter; and in the year following was prevailed on, as we are told, with great difficulty, to accept the archbishopric of Canterbury. He enjoined celibacy on the clergy; for which he was banished by king Rufus, but recalled by Henry at his coming to the crown. He refused to confecrate fuch bishops as were invested by the king, according to pope Urban's decree; flatly denying it to be the king's prerogative: for this he was outed again; till, the pope and king agreeing, he was recalled in 1107. In fhort, from the day of his confecration to that of his death, he was continually employed in fighting the prerogative of the church against that of the crown; and for that purpose fpentr # Anfibarii. Anfer fpent much of his time in travelling backwards and for wards between England and Rome, for the advice and direction of his Holinefs. At the council of Bari, in the kingdom of Naples, the pope being puzzled by the arguments of the Greeks against the Holy Ghoft's proceeding from the Father, he called upon Anfelm, who was prefent, and he difcuffed their objections with great applaufe. Priests call him a refolute faint; to other people he appears to have been an obftinate and infolent prieft. He wrought many miracles, if we believe the author of his life, both before and after his death, which happened at Canterbury, in the 76th year of his age, anno 1109. He was canonifed in the reign of Henry VII. Anfelm, though we may difregard him as a faint, deferves to be remembered as one of the principal revivers of literature, after three centuries of profound ignorance. His works have been printed in different years, and at different places, viz. Nuremb. 1491. Paris 1544 and 1549. Venice 1549. Cologn 1573 and 1612. Lyons 1630. But the beft is that of father Gerberon, printed at Paris 1675. It is divided into three parts; the first contains dogmatical tracts, and is intitled Monologia; the fecond contains practical and devotional tracts; the third part confists of letters, in four books. ANSER, in ornithology, the trivial name of a species of anas. See ANAS. ANSER, in aftronomy, a small star, of the fifth or fixth magnitude, in the milky way, between the fwan and eagle, firft brought into order by Hevelius. ANSERES, the name which Linnæus gives to his third order of birds. See ZOOLOGY, no 8. ANSIBARII, or ANSIVARII, an ancient people of Germany, fituated somewhere in the neighbourhood of the Chauci. All we know of their history is, that, in the reign of the Emperor Nero, they were driven from their own poffeffions by the Chauci. Being then in a forlorn condition, they took poffeffion of fome uninhabited lands, which had been ufed as pafture for the horfes of the Roman foldiers. They were led by one Boiocalus, a man of great valour, and of known fidelity to the Romans. He remonftrated to the Romans, who objected to their taking poffeffion of these lands, That the territory in difpute was large; and requested, that it might be allowed to an unhappy people, driven from their own habitations: that, at the fame time, wide tracts might be retained for the horfes and cattle of the foldiers to graze' in that it was inconfiftent with humanity to famifh men in order to feed beafts, &c. and at last, lifting up his eyes to heaven, he asked the celeftial luminaries how they could behold a defolate foil, and if they would not more juftly let loofe the fea to fwallow up ufurpers, who had engroffed the whole earth? To this the Roman commander, Avitus, replied, that the weakest muft fubmit to the ftrongeft; and that fince the gods, to whom they had appealed, had left the fovereign judgment to the Romans, they were refolved to fuffer no other judges than themselves. To Boiocalus himself, however, he privately offered lands as a reward for his long attachment to the Romans: but this offer the brave German rejected, as a price for betraying his people; adding, “A place to live in we may want, but a place to die in we cannot." The AnLibarii now invited the neighbouring nations to join them against the Romans; but they, dreading the No 22. power of that nation, refused to give them any affiftance upon which they applied to the neighbouring nations, begging leave to fettle in their territories; but being every where driven out as enemies and intruders, thefe unhappy people were reduced to wander up and down till every one of them perifhed. ANSIKO, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the weft by the river Umbre which runs into the Zaire, the kingdom of Wangua, and the Amboes who bor der on Loango; on the north, by fome defarts of Nubia; and on the fouth, by Songo and Sonda, pro vinces of Congo. Here are great numbers of wild beafts, as lions, rhinocerofes, &c. and many copper mines. The king of Anfiko, or the great Macoco, commands 13 kingdoms, and is efteemed the most powerful monarch in Africa. The inhabitants of Angola have a tradition, that this is the proper country of the Giagas, who came originally from Sierra Leona, and over-ran like a torrent the whole coaft as far as Benguela; that, being weakened by numerous battles, and unable to force the defiles in order to return to Sierra Leona, they arrived on the borders of Monomotapa, where being defeated, they were forced to remain in the provinces of Anfiko. Be this as it will, the Anfikans yield not in the least to the Giagas in fierceness and barbarity. They are fo accustomed to the eating of human flesh, that it is afferted they have markets where it is publicly fold, and that there are no other graves for the dead than the bellies of the living. They try the courage of their prifoners of war by fhooting at them as at marks, directing their arrows above or around their heads; and whoever discovers the leaft figns of fear, is immediately devoured without remedy. Thofe who appear intrepid and refolute, have their nofes and ears bored, and two fore-teeth of the upper jaw drawn. They are then improved in barbarity, by accuftoning them to the moft horrid cruelties. The Antikans are neat, well-proportioned, and ftrong; wandering about from place to place, without either fowing or reaping. They are dreaded for their extreme brutality, and never traded with by the Europeans. Their language is barbarous, and difficult to be learned, even by the inhabitants of Congo. The moft diftinguifhed among them wear red and black caps of Portuguese velvet: the lower ranks go naked from the waift upwards; and, to preferve their health, anoint their bodies with a compofition of pounded white fandal-wood and palm-oil. Their arms are battle-axes, and fmall but very ftrong bows adorned with ferpents fkins. Their ftrings are made of fupple and tender fhoots of trees, that will not break, and their arrows of hard and light wood. These people, who kill birds flying, fhoot with fuch furprising fwiftnefs, that they can discharge 28 arrows from the bow before the firit falls to the ground. With equal dexterity they manage their battle-axes; one end of which is fharpened and cuts like a wedge, and the other flattened like a mallet, with a handle fet between, about half the length of the iron, rounded at the end like an apple, and covered with the skin of a ferpent.-The current money in this country is the zimbis or fhell, which is fifhed for, and paffes among several African nations.they worship the fun as their chief deity; whom they reprefent by the figure of a man, and the moon by that of a woman. They have alfo an infinite number of Anfike. Ando, of inferior deities, each individual having a particular Aufon. idol whom he addresses on certain occafions. ANSLO, a fea-port town of Norway, in the province of Aggerhuys, with a bishop's fee. The fupreme court of justice is held here for Norway. It is feated on a bay of the fame name. E. Long. 10. 14. N. Lat. 50. 24. ANSÓN (George), a gentleman whofe merit and good fortune, as a naval commander, exalted him to the rank of nobility. He was the fon of William Anfon, Efq; of Huckborough, in Staffordshire; and, fhowing an early inclination for the fea, received a fuitable education. The first command he enjoyed was that of the Weazle floop in 1722; but the most memorable action of his life, and the foundation of his future good fortune, took place on his receiving the command of five fhips, a floop, and two victuallers, equipped to annoy the Spaniards in the South Seas, and to co-operate with admiral Vernon acrofs the Ifthmus of Darien: an expedition the principal object of which failed by the unaccountable delay in fitting him out. He failed, however, in Sept. 1740; doubled Cape Horn in a dan gerous feafon; loft most of his men by the fcurvy ; and with only one remaining fhip, the Centurion, croffed the great Pacific Ocean. If no confiderable national advantage refulted from this voyage, Commodore Anfon made his own fortune, and enriched his furviving companions, by the capture of a rich galleon on her paffage from Acapulco to Manilla; with which he returned home round the Cape of Good Hope. If he was lucky in meeting this galleon, he was no lefs fortunate in efcaping a French fleet then cruifing in the channel, by failing through it during a fog. He arrived at Spithead in June 1744. In a fhort time after his return, he was appointed rear-admiral of the blue, and one of the lords of the admiralty. In April 1745, he was made rear-admiral of the white, and the fotlowing year vice-admiral of the blue; at which time he was chofen to represent the borough of Heydon in parliament. In 1747, being on board the Prince George of 90 guns, in company with Admiral Warren, and 12 other fhips, he intercepted, off Cape Finisterre, a powerful fleet, bound from France to the East and West Indies; when, by his valour and conduct, he again enriched himself and his officers, and at the fame time ftrengthened the British navy, by taking fix men of war and four Eaft-Indiamen, not one of them efcaping. The French admiral, M. Jonquiere, on prefenting his fword to the conqueror, faid, Monfeur, vous avez vaincu l'Invincible, et la Gloire vous fuit: "Sir, you have conquered the Invincible, and Glory follows you;" pointing to the fhips, named the Invincible and the Glory, he had taken. For his fignal fervices, his late majefty created him Baron of Soberton in Hants. The fame year he was appointed vice-admiral of the red; and, on the death of Sir John Norris, was made vice-admiral of Eng'and. In 1748 he was made admiral of the blue: he was afterwards appointed firft lord of the admiralty, and was at length made admiral and commander in chief of his majesty's fleet; in which rank he continued, with a very fhort interval, until his death; and the laft fervice he performed was to convoy queen Charlotte to England. He died in June 1762. No performance ever met with a more favourable reception, than the account of Anfon's voyVOL. II. Part I. Ant. age round the world. Though it is printed under the Anspach name of his chaplain, it was compofed under his lordfhip's own infpection, and from the materials he himfelf furnished, by the ingenious Mr Benjamin Robins. ANSPACH (the marquifate of), a fmall territory of Franconia, in Germany; bounded on the north by the bishoprics of Wartburg and Bamberg, which laft likewife lies to the wett; by the earldoms of Holach and Oeting, with the bishopric of Aichitet, on the fouth; and the palatinate of Bavaria and the territory of Nuremberg on the eaft. The country is fruitful, and interfperfed with woods, which render it agreeable for hunting. Befides the city Anfpach, which is the capi tal, the chief towns are Kreglin, Swalbach, Kreilfheim, Rot, and Waffer-Truding. ANSPACH is a small but pretty town, very well built, and has feveral churches. It is walled round, but has no other fortifications. In the palace there is a remarkable cabinet of curiofities. It is feated on a river of the fame name, and belongs to the houfe of Brandenburg. E. Long. 10. 42. N. Lat. 49. 14. ANSPESSADES, in the French armies, a kind of inferior officers in the foot, below the corporals, but above the common centinels. There are ufually four or five of them in a company. ANSTRUTHER Eafter and Wefter, two royal boroughs of Scotland, fituated on the fouth-eaft coast of the county of Fife, in W. Long. 2. 25. N. Lat. 56. 20. ANT, in zoology. See FORMICA and TERMES. MECOPHAGA. ANT-Eggs, a name popularly given to a kind of little white balls found in the banks or nefts of ants, ordinarily fuppofed to be the ova of this infect. Late naturalifts have obferved, that thefe are not properly the ants eggs, but the young brood themfelves in their firft ftate; they are fo many little vermiculi wrapped up in a film, or fkin, compofed of a fort of filk, which they fpin out of themselves as filk-worms and caterpillars do. At first they are hardly obferved to ftir: but, after a few days continuance, they exhibit a feeble motion of flexion and extenfion; and begin to look yellowish and hairy, fhaped like fmall maggots, in which shape they grow up till they are almost as large as ants. When they país their metamorphofis, and appear in their proper fhape, they have a fmall black fpeck on them clofe to the anus of the included ant, which M. Lewenhoeck probably enough imagines to be the feces voided by it. Dr Ed. King opened feveral of thefe vulgarly reputed eggs; in fome of which he found only a maggot in the circumstances as above defcribed; while in another the maggot had begun to put on the fhape of an ant about the head, having two little yellow fpecks, where the eyes were to be. others, a further progrefs was obferved, the included maggots being furnished with every thing to complete the thape of an ant, but wholly tranfparent, the eyes only excepted, which were as black as bugles. Laftly, in others, he took out every way perfect and complete ants, which immediately crept about among the rot. Thefe fuppofed ants eggs are brought up every morning in fummer, near the top of the bank, where they are lodged all the warm part of the day, within reach of H In the Anta drive; viz. Bourtrey, Tokorari, Sukoada, and Sama; for which, fee those articles.-Formerly Anta was potent and populous, inhabited by a bold and rapacious people, who greatly annoyed the Europeans by their frequent incurfions; but by continual wars with their neighbours they are now greatly enfeebled, and the country in a manner depopulated. The fpirit of the few remaining inhabitants is fled: they are defponding, difpirited, and abject, feeking protection from the Dutch and other Europeans who have forts on this coaft, and looking upon them as their best friends. Ant-hills the fun's influence. At night, or if it be cool, or like to rain, they carry them down to a greater depth; fo that you may dig a foot depth e'er you come at them. The true ants eggs are the white fubftance which, upon opening their banks, appears to the eye like the fcatterings of fine white fugar, or falt, but very foft and tender. Examined by a microscope, it is found to confift of feveral pure, white appearances, in diftinct membranes, all figured like the leffer fort of birds eggs, and as clear as a fifhes bladder. The fame fubftance is found in the bodies of the ants themfelves. On this fpawn, when emitted, they lie in multitudes, to brood, till in fome time it is turned into little vermicles as fmall as mites, commonly called ants-eggs. ANT-Hills, are little hillocks of earth, which the ants throw up for their habitation and the breeding of their young. They are a very great mifchief to dry paftures, not only by wafting fo much land as they cover, but by hindering the feythe in mowing the grafs, and yielding a poor hungry food pernicious to cattle. The manner of deftroying them is to cut them into four parts from the top, and then dig into them fo deep as to take out the core below, fo that, when the turf is laid down again, it may lie fomewhat lower than the level of the rest of the land: by this means it will be wetter than the reft of the land; and this will prevent the ants from returning to the fame place, which otherwife they would certainly do. The earth that is taken out must be fcattered to as great a distance every way as may be, otherwife they will collect it together and make another hill juft by. The proper time for doing this is winter; and if the places be left open, the froft and rains of that time of the year will deftroy the reft but in this cafe care must be taken that they are covered up early enough in the spring, other wife they will be lefs fertile in grafs than the other places. In Hertfordshire they ufe a particular kind of fpade for this purpose. It is very fharp, and formed at the top into the shape of a crefcent, fo that the whole edge makes up more than three-fourths of a circle; this cuts in every part, and does the bufinefs very quickly and effectually. Others ufe the fame inftruments that they do for mole-hills. Human dung is a better remedy than all thefe, as is proved by experiment; for it will kill great numbers of them, and drive all the reft away, if only a fmall quantity of it be put into their hills. Acid of ANTS, an acid produced by diftilling millions of thefe infects, either without addition, or with water. It refembles vinegar in many refpects; but differs from it in forming cryftals with magnefia, iron, and zinc.. Its attractions are not yet determined, but are fuppofed to coincide with those of vinegar. ANTA, in the ancient architecture, a fquare pilafter, placed at the corners of buildings. ANTA, or Ante, a small kingdom on the gold-coaft of Africa, extending about ten leagues in length.— The country is covered with large trees, among which ftand a number of fine villages. The foil is exceeding ly rich, and the face of the country beautiful. The air is alfo much more falubrious than in other places of the gold-coaft; it being obferved by all writers, that the number of deaths here bears no proportion to that on any other part on the coafts of Guinea. This country contains the following villages, which deferve a particular defcription on account of the commerce they ANTACIDS, in pharmacy, an appellation given to all medicines proper to correct acid or four humours. Under the clafs of antacids come, 1. Absorbents; as chalk, coral, fea-fhells, hæmatites, and fteel-filings. 2. Obtundents; as oils and fats. 3. Immutants; as lixivious falts, and foaps. ANTEUS, in fabulous hiftory, a giant of Libya, fon of Neptune and Terra. Deligning to build a temple to his father, of mens fculls, he flew all he met ; but Hercules fighting him, and perceiving the affiftance he received from his mother (for by a touch of the earth he refreshed himself when weary), lifted him up from the ground, and fqueezed him to death. ANTEUS was king of Mauritania; and from feveral circumftances, with which we are fupplied by various authors, it appears extremely probable that he was the fame perfon with Atlas: they were both of them the fons of Neptune, who reigned over Mauritania, Numidia, and a great part of Libya; as may be naturally inferred from his having fuch particular marks of diftinction conferred upon him by the inhabitants of thofe regions. They both ruled with abfolute power over a great part of Africa, particularly Tingitania. Hercules defeated and flew Antæus in the fame war wherein he took the Libyan world from Atlas: both Atlas and Antæus invaded Egypt, and contended with Hercules in the wars with the gods, and were both vanquished by him. Antæus, as well as Atlas, was famed for his knowledge in the celestial fciences: fron whence we may fairly conclude them to have been the fame king of Mauritania. Antæus, in his wars with Hercules, who command ed an army of Egyptians and Ethiopians, behaved with great bravery and refolution. Receiving large reinforcements of Libyan troops, he cut off vaft numbers of Hercules's men: but that celebrated commander having at laft intercepted a ftrong body of Mauritanian or Libyan forces fent to the relief of Antæus, gave him a total overthrow, wherein both he and the beft part of his forces were put to the fword. This decifive action put Hercules in poffeffion of Libya and Mauritania, and confequently of all the riches in those kingdoms: hence arofe the fable, that Hercules finding Antæus, a giant of an enormous fize, with whom he was engaged in fingle combat, to receive fresh ftrength as often as he touched his mother earth when thrown upon her, at last lifted him up in the air and fqueezed him to death. Hence likewife may be deduced the fable, intimating, that Hercules took Atlas's globe upon his own fhoulders, overcame the dragon that guarded the orchards of the Heiperides, and made himself mafter of all the golden fruit. The gol den apples, fo frequently mentioned by the old mythologifts, were the treasures that fell into Hercules's bands Antaci Anta |