A Government system of elementary education was established by Act No. 41 of the 9th December, 1878, which authorised a total expenditure not exceeding 15,000l. annually on all grades of education. This section of the Act of 1878 was repealed, and Section 9 (d) of the Education (Amendment) Act, 1897, authorised an annual expenditure of a sum not exceeding 11,000. on elementary education. This section has now been repealed by the Education (Amendment) Act, 1910, which authorised the amount to be spent on elementary education at 14,2007. In 1938 the sum of 50,8521. was voted by the Legislature for Elementary Education, and the total vote for all grades of education amounted to 66,328.

The central administration is vested in a Board appointed by the Governor, and the local control of elementary schools is in the hands of the clergymen of the various districts assisted by committees of management. There are 125 elementary schools with 19,582 scholars (average attendance), and 26,397 on the rolls. At these elementary schools free education is now provided. Secondary schools are managed by Governing Bodies working under schemes formulated by the central Board of Education and approved by the Legislature. Government has recently undertaken to provide milk and biscuits to elementary school children.

Barbados possesses a college founded by General Sir Christopher Codrington, a native of the island, who died in 1710, and whose name it bears. It was affiliated to Durham University in 1875. It is under the administration of the S.P.G., who are the Trustees of General Codrington's will. There are several theological scholarships of the value of 30%. per annum from the College funds, and six Island Scholarships at 407. per annum paid from the Colonial Treasury. The latter are competitive, and are confined to natives or sons of natives, or of persons domiciled in the island who have resided therein for at least ten years.

There is a good grammar school, called Harrison College, in Bridgetown, established on an old foundation, which has been liberally supported by the Legislature. It has a staff of twelve univer-, sity men as Masters, two Preparatory Mistresses, three Lecturers in Natural and Agricultural Sciences and two additional masters in the Lower Forms. The number of pupils at the close of 1937 was 270. Another First Grade School, "The Lodge," situated in St. John's parish, to the N.E. of the island, was re-opened in 1882, after having been closed for several years. The number of pupils at the close of 1937 was 146. The Barbados English Scholarships, established by the Education Board, and endowed by the Colony, are tenable at any College in the British Empire approved by the Board, for a period of four years.

The number of years for which these scholarships are tenable may be varied to five or six, but

A first-grade school for girls was opened in 1883, called the Queen's College. It has a staff of twelve teachers. The number of pupils at the close of 1937 was 172.

There are five second-grade schools for boys and three for girls. These first and second-grade schools cost the Government, including grants for scholarships, 11,3507. during 1937. They also receive annual grants for scholarships from the Vestries of the various parishes in which they are situated.

Police, &c.

A police force was established in Barbados in 1835 by an Act of the Legislature, and is stated to have been the first attempt in the British West India Colonies to establish a force of that description upon a similar footing. The Force consists of 4 officers and 466 non-commissioned officers and men. In 1882 the Harbour Police (established in 1867) were combined with the Land Police. A Juvenile Reformatory for boys was opened in April, 1883, and one for girls in April, 1911.

There is a lunatic asylum, a lazaretto and a general hospital in Bridgetown, to the latter of which the Colony contributed 22,8751. in 1936-37.

Constitution.

The Colony possesses representative institutions, The Crown has but not responsible Government. only a veto on legislation, but the Home Government retains the appointment and control of public officers, except the Treasurer, who is an officer of the House of Assembly. The Legislature consists of a Governor, a Legislative Council, consisting of nine members appointed by the King, and a House of Assembly, having twenty-four members elected for a period of two years on the basis of a moderate franchise. The qualifications of members and electors are regulated by a Franchise Act, which became law in April, 1884, and which repeals all previous legislation on the subject. By this Act an extension of the franchise was granted, and 2,004 electors were registered under its provisions, the number previous to its enactment being only 1,641. This and other Acts relating to the franchise was consolidated by the Representation of the People Act, 1901. The only change made was the extension of the franchise to persons enjoying a pension of 50l. a year or more. The number of registered electors for the year 1937 was 6,619. The executive part of the Government is vested in the Executive Council appointed by the Crown and consists of the Governor, the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney-General ex officio, Sir F. J. Clarke, K.C.M.G., V.D., and Sir J. R. Phillips, Kt., O.B.E., and such other persons as may be nominated by the King, and the Executive Committee consists of the members of the Executive Council ex officio, one member from the Legislative Council, and four members of the House of Assembly nominated annually by the Governor. This body introduces all money votes, prepares the estimates, and initiates all Government measures. The Governor of Barbados was for many years the Governor-in-Chief of the Windward Islands, consisting of Barbados, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Tobago, but in 1885, by Royal Letters Patent, Barbados was separated from the other Windward Islands and made a distinct Govern

ment.

Local Government.

The island is divided into eleven parishes, each of which has its local affairs administered by a Vestry which is elected annually, the Rector of the Parish being the Chairman. The functions of the Vestry include sanitation and the care of the sick and poor. The upkeep of roads in eight of the eleven parishes is carried out by Highway Commissioners appointed by each Vestry, for the other three parishes the Government Central Road Board is responsible. The Vestries levy rates on lands and houses, and taxes on trade. The revenue for the upkeep of roads is provided principally by taxes on land, houses, trade, vehicles, draft animals, etc., under the provisions of the Highways Act, supplemented by grants from the Government.

The total revenue collected by the Vestries in 1937-38 amounted to 96,9771., not including temporary loans, repaid during the year.

G. D. L. Pile 2,964,069 3,981,607 F. W. Holder 3,006,418 4,013,562 J. H. Wilkinson 2,856,126 4,091,684 C. L. Elder

Expenditure. £ £ 1928-29 441,732 459,626 1929-30 453.802 450,626 1930-31 404,555 429,143 1931-32 415,645 424,088 1932-33 457,843 1933-34 510,269 1934-35 479,960 1935-36 530,644 1936-37 483,142 1937-38 528,278

2,409,015 3,878,500

425,875

490,908

414,109 463, 147

Year.

460,869

Members of Assembly.

Legislative Council.

2,227,718 4,316,286 2,206,074 4,106,342

546,275 2,240,652 4,101, 226

IMPORTS. From From From U.K. Colonies. Elsewhere. £ £ £ 1928 827,350 886,670 623,734 607,712 544,116

Tot 1.

£

D. G. Leacock.

J. D. Chandler.

2,038,804 1,726,786

Session 1938-39.

1929 691,216

739,876

1930 582,244

600, 426

1931

516,603 1932 749,509 545,678 347,617 1933 819,936 504,988 393,937 1934 809,673 618,225 1935 752.831 1936 855,024

534,036

484,939

1,912,837 St. Michael

606,549

480,177

653,185

495,902

То To Else. Colonies. where. £ £ £ 164,551 1,215,213 151,276 82,703 1,069,565 128,826 1,281,094+ St. Andrew 1930 43,737 900,247 117,390 1,061,374 St. Joseph 1931 46,613 855,089 161,085 1,062,787+ 1932 327,794 941,634 107,759 1,377,187+ 1933 445,464 874,683 56,384 1,376,531+ St. Lucy 1934 174,290 1,209,590 94,577 1,478,457† 1935 34,427 977,013 120,686 1,132,126 1936 440,793 929,655 115,481 1,485,929 1937 657,938 839,956 146,818 1,644,712

Customs Revenue, 31st March, 1938-278,7741.
Public Debt, 31st March, 1938-442,2207.

Sinking Fund, 31st March, 1938–63,3042.

• Exclusive of specie.

+ Includes bunker coal supplied vessels.

St. Peter

.

H. A. Vaughn and Sir H. B. G. Austin, Kt., O.B E. (Speaker). W. W. Reece and C. A. Braithwaite.

C. L. Elder and E. S. Robinson. G. B. Evelyn and A. G. Gittens. H. L. Smith and Dr. J. W. Hawkins.

G. D. L. Pile, O.B.E., and R. DeC. O'Neale.

E. K. Walcott, K.C., and J. H. Wilkinson.

G. C. Mahon and H. A. Arthur. C. H. Kinch and F. W. Holder. G. H. Adams and L. T. Yearwood, M.B.E.

F. F. C. Gill and Dr. O. J. F. C. Greenidge.

J. E. T. Brancker and E. L. Ward.

Civil Establishment.

Staff Officer (vacant).

Deputy Commissioner of Police, Major T. A. Goddard, 4501. and quarters.

Superintendents of Police, Lieut. E. O. Plunkett, 3007.; and quarters (2 vacant).

Assistant Superintendents of Police, C. A. Mahon,

R. A. Stoute, 2501.-3001 and quarters (1 vacant). Medical Officer Central Station, etc., L. C. Hutson, M.D., C.M., 150.

Inspector of Prisons, G. C. Williams.

Visiting Justice at Glendairy, C. L. Abrams.

Governor of Glendairy Prison, Lt. A. R. Foster, 4001. and quarters.

Surgeon to Glendairy Prison, L. C. Hutson, M.D., C.M., 2001.

Chaplain to Prisons, Rev. W. M. Worrell, 1007. Superintendent of Government Industrial Schools,

Capt. A. G. Kinch, 350l., 301. travelling allowance and quarters.

Chief Officer, Government Industrial Schools, 2nd Grade Clerk (vacant).

Fire Brigade.

Superintendent, Col. W. S. Dickens, O.B.E., 100%. Assistant Superintendent, Lieut. E. O. Plunkett, 551.

Post Office.

Colonial Postmaster, G. F. Sharp, 5007. 1st Grade Clerk, H. D. Blackman. 2nd Grade Clerk, C. A. Durant.

Public Works Department.

Director of Public Works, Major G. E. Peck, M.C., R.E., A.M.Inst.C.E., 1,100.

1st Engineering Assistant, E. A. Chase, A.M.S.E., M.I.J.E., 5001.

2nd Engineering Assistant, T. E. Went, 400l.
Engineering Assistant and Architectural Draughtsman,
J. H. F. Peck, B.A. (Arch.) Cantab., 500l.
Mechanical Engineer, J. T. Lynch, 400l.
Inspector, S. I. Foster, 3001.

Inspector, G. A. Johnson, 3001.
Overseer (vacant), 2501.

Accountant, H. G. Murray, 3501.

4501.

Solicitor-General, F. W. Holder, M.C.P., 230l. private practice.

King's Solicitor and Proctor, G. B. Evelyn, fees (private practice).

Registrar, E. R. L. Ward, 5501.

Deputy Registrar, H. Williams, 300l. to 4001.
Public Trustee, J. R. Edwards, 5001.
Registrar in Admiralty, E. R. L. Ward.
Commissioners for taking the Probates of
Deeds, etc., C. W. Flemming, J. S. Sainsbury,
J. B. Howell, C. L. Elder and E. C. Dear, fees.
Judges of the Assistant Court of Appeal, G.
Clyde Williams and E. C. Dear*, 600l. each.
Clerk to ditto and Chief Clerk of the Petty Debt
Court of Bridgetown, 1st Grade Clerk, C. L.
Abrams.

Judge of Petty Debt Court of Bridgetown, C. V. H.
Archer, 500%.

Police Magistrates of District " A," W. K. Fergusson, and F. E. Field, 500l. each. 2nd Grade Clerk, D. D. Morris.

Police Magistrates of Rural Districts, A. K. Bynoe, S. H. Nurse, G. L. Taylor and J. W. B. Chenery, 5001. each (one vacant).

This office is combined with that of Registrar of Friendly Societies.

Coroners, A. K. Bynoe, W. K. Fergusson, S. H. Nurse, G. L. Taylor, F. E. Field and J. W. B. Chenery.

Medical.

Chief Medical Officer (vacant), 1,000l.

Sanitation Officer, F. N. Grannum, M.B., Ch.B., D.T.M. & H., 600l. to 750.

Bacteriologist, J. E. Walcott, M.B., Ch.B., D.T.M. & H., 6001.

Health Officer, J. D. Alleyne, M.B.E., M.D., 600l. and fees.

Assistant Health Officer, A. G. Bancroft, M.D., C.M (McGill), 2001. (and private practice). Medical Superintendent, General Hospital (vacant),

7001.-251.-8001.

Visiting Surgeons, General Hospital, G. Manning,
M.D., C.M., 100l., H. G. Massiah, M.D., C.M., 1007.
and A. G. Bancroft, M.D., C.M., 100/
Ophthalmic Ear, Nose and Throat Surgeon, C. H.
St. John, M.B.B.S. (London), M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,
D.O.M.S., 1007.

Assistant, A. A. Gibbons, M.B., Ch.B. (Edin.),
D.O.M.S., 501.

Radiologist, H. E. Skeete, M.D., C.M., 2007.
Dental Surgeon, F. Manning, D.D.S., 501.

Assistant Visiting Surgeons, H. E. Skeete, M.D., C.M.;
E. H. C. Shepherd, M.B., B.A. (Edin.), F.R.C.S. ;
W. H. E. Johnson, M.B., B.Ch. (Edin.).
House Surgeons, William Francis Kerr, M.B., B.Ch.
(Edinburgh), Philip Aron Edwards, M.D., C.M.
(McGill); Arnott Samuel Cato, M.B., Ch.B.
(Edinburgh), 3251. and quarters.

Matron, P. Stewart, 2501.-51.-2751. and quarters. Assistant Matron, E. Pocock, 2001.-51.-2251. and quarters.

Sister Tutor and Home Sister, M. B. Davidson, 2007.51.-2251. and quarters.

Theatre Sister, M. Fletcher, 175l. and quarters. Pay Wards Sister, Iris Mary Griffiths Evans, 1751. and quarters.

Dispenser, E. D. Bowen.

Steward and Secretary and Assistant to Radiologist,

J. G. C. Ward, M.B.E., 4501.
Medical Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, W. S.
Birch, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (London), 650l.,
and quarters.

Assistant Medical Superintendent, A. L. Goddard,
M.D., C.M., 5001.-251.-600l. and quarters.
Steward, L. A. Fields, 250l. to 3501.

Visiting Physician, Lazaretto, L. S. Tappin, M.D. (Washington, U.S.A.) 2001. (and private practice). Superintendent and Steward, J. H. O. Goddard, 3007., and quarters.

Educational.

President of the Education Board, The Rt. Revd. D. W.
Bentley, D.D., Bishop of Barbados.
Principal of Codrington College, The Rev. Canon J. C.
Wippell, M.A., D.D.

Lecturer, P. W. A. Chenery, B.A.

Medical Lecturer, etc., of Codrington College, E. B. Carter, M.D., 401.

Head Master of Harrison College, H. N. Haskell, M.A., 750l. and 100l. personal allowance, and quarters. Assistant Masters, T. L. Evans, M.A., 500l.; D. A. Bruce Hamilton, B.A., 3501.; A. H. S. Cocks, B.A. (Cantab.), 350l.; R. B. Moulder, B.A., 350.; C. W. Hutchinson, B.A., 3501.; M. H. C. Martin, B.A., 3251.; W. D. Isaac, B.A., 3501.; E. C. Quérée, B.A., 350l.; W. H. L. Medford, M.A., 3501.; R. C. Springer, B.A., 2501.; R. T. A. Johnson, 145l.; D. A. Wiles, 1457.; Miss C. Gardner, 1501.; and Miss M. E. Phillips, 11211. Spanish Master, V. A. Southwell, B.A., 1751. Science Masters, W. A. McD. Paterson, B.Sc., J. A. Allan, B.Sc. (Glasgow).

Head Master of the Lodge School, H. B. Gooding, M.A.,
B.D. (Oxon.), 7501., and house. Assistant Masters,
L. A. Walcott, M.A. (Durham), 4501., and quarters;
W. A. Farmer, M.A. (Durham), 450l.; A. R. V.
Newsam, B.A., 3501.; W. Hodgson, B.Sc., 4251.;
Miss V. P. Bynoe, 87.; L. V. Walker, 312H.;
E. G. B. Gooding, 250l.; Miss A. Farmer, 751.;
P. McD. Crichlow, B.A., 2501. and quarters;
J. Bentley, B.A., 250l. and quarters.
Science Master, W. Hodgson, B.Sc.
Inspector of Schools, N. Greenhalgh, B.Sc., 500l., and
travelling allowance.

Assistant Inspector of Schools, W. H. Carter, 3401. and travelling allowance.

Junior Assistant Inspector of Schools, L. T. Gay, 2601. and travelling allowance.

Secretary of Education Board, M. T. G. Mahon, M.A., 2501. Personal allowance 100Z.

Poor Law Board.

President, Sir F. J. Clarke, K.C.M.G., V.D.
Members, Dr. J. Hutson, O.B.E., V.D., G. D. L. Pile,
E. K. Walcott, K.C., C. L. Elder.

Department of Science and Agriculture. Director of Agriculture, S. J. Saint, B.Sc. (Lond.). M.Sc. (Reading), Ph.D. (Lond.), F.I.C., 1,000l. and travelling allowance.

Assistant Director and Botanist, A. E. S. McIntosh,
B.Sc., Ph.D. (Edin.), 500l. to 600l., 100l. personal
Entomologist, R. W. E. Tucker, M.A. (Cantab.),
allowance and travelling allowance.
B.Ed. (Cape Town), 1,000l., travelling allowance.
Chemist (vacant), 450l. to 550l.

Government Analyst, C. A. Coppin, B.A.Sc. (Toronto),
A.I.C., 450l. to 5501.

Lecturer in Natural Sciences (vacant).

Lecturer in Natural and Agricultural Sciences, W. A.
McD. Paterson, B.Sc., 500l. to 600l.

Lecturer in Botany, Chemistry and Physics, J. A.
Allan, B.Sc. (Glasgow), 400l. to 5007.
Plant Diseases Inspector, D. R. D. Wiles, D.I.C.T.A.,
250l. to 300l. and travelling allowance.
Senior Peasants' Agricultural Instructor, T. O. Phillips,
2501. to 3001.
Junior Peasants' Agricultural Instructor, G. B.
Chief Clerk and Clerk to Board of Agriculture,
Pilgrim, 2001. to 2501.
H. O. Ramsey, 300l. to 4002.

Second Clerk, G. D. Ramsey, 250l. to 300l.
Third Clerk, Á. S. Inniss, 2001, to 2501.

First Agricultural Assistant, C. B. Foster, 3007. to 450l., travelling allowance.

Second Agricultural Assistant, H. E. Ward, 250l. to 3001., travelling allowance.

Third Agricultural Assistant, C. C. Corbin, 2001. to

2501.

Fourth Agricultural Assistant, F. E. Bynoe, 150l. to 2001., travelling allowance.

Fifth Agricultural Assistant, L. H. Atkinson, 100%. to 150., travelling allowance.

Analytical Assistant, H. A. Jones, 2001. to 250.
Analytical Assistant, L. A. Hall, 150l. to 2001.
Analytical Assistant, N. Carmichael, 100l. to 1501.
Sugar Analyst, C. St. A. Alieyne, 2001. to 2501.
Sugar Analyst, F. N. A. Fields, 150l. to 200!.
Sugar Analyst, R. E.Barrow, 100l. to 1507.

BRITISH WEST INDIES CENTRAL SUGAR CANE BREEDING STATION.

Advisory Committee. Chairman, S. J. Saint, B.Sc. (Lond.), M.Sc. (Reading), Ph.D. (Lond.), F.I.C., Director of Agriculture, Barbados.

Members-Sir Geoffrey Evans, Kt., M.A., C.I.E., Principal of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture; Hon. E. J. Wortley, O.B.E., Director of Agriculture, Trinidad; Hon. A C. Barnes, B.Sc., F.I.C., A.M.I.Ch.E., Director of Agriculture, Jamaica; G. A. Jones, Dip. Agric. (Bangor), Commissioner of Agriculture of the Agricultural Advisory Department of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. Geneticist, A. E. S. McIntosh, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Edin.) Department of Science and Agriculture, personal allowance, 100%.

Assistant Botanist, 450l. to 6001.

Agricultural Assistant, A. D. Herbert, D.I.C.T.A., 2001. to 2501.

Agricultural Assistant, J. N. W. Niccolls, 2007. to 2501.

Ecclesiastical.

Bishop, Rt. Rev. David Bentley, C.B.E., D.D., 1,000.

Chancellor of the Diocese (vacant).

Archdeacon, (vacant).

Registrar of Diocese, G. B. Evelyn, fees.

Dean and Rector of St. Michael, Very
Rev. A. Shankland, 4007.

Christ Church, Rev. A. F. Mandeville,
3301.

St. Philip, Rev. F. G. Stanton, 3307.
St. George, Rev. J. A. Partridge, 3301.
St. John, Rev. C. Culpan, 3307.
St. Joseph, Rev. P. Moore, 330ł.
St. Andrew, Rev. H. Read, 3301.

St. Thomas, Rev. H. C. Shepherd, 3301.
St. James, Rev. W. E. Dash, 3307.
St. Peter, Rev. P. C. Branch, 330.
St. Lucy, Rev. H. De C. Alleyne, L.Th.,
330/.

House

and glebe.

Brazil, G. A. L. Larsen (Consul).
Uruguay, J. Crawford.
Belgium, J. Crawford.

Panama, G. A. L. Larsen (Vice-Consul).
Italy, V. Parravicino.

Cuba, G. A. L. Larsen (Acting).
Argentine, G. A. L. Larsen (Acting).
Bolivia, T. E. Hunte.

Finland, G. A. L. Larsen.
Germany,

Greece, W. Austin (Acting Vice-Consul).

Barbados Volunteers.

Commandant of the Local Forces, Col. W. S. Dickens, M.B.E.

Lt. Col. Commanding the Barbados Volunteers, Lt. Col. W. Bowring, M.B.E.

Staff Officer (vacant).

BERMUDA.

Situation and Area.

The "Bermudas "or "Somers' Islands " form a group or cluster of about 300 small islands, situated in the Western Atlantic Ocean, in lat. 32° 15′ N., and long. 64° 51′ W., about 580 miles to the eastward of Cape Hatteras in North Carolina, the nearest point of the neighbouring American Continent. The distance from Liverpool about 2,900 miles, from Halifax in Nova Scotia 730, from New York 677, and from the nearest of the West Indian Islands about 800 miles. The total area is estimated at 19 square miles (less than one-eighth of Rutland).

History.

These islands were discovered in the year 1515, by a Spanish mariner, Juan Bermudez, after whom they were called The Bermudas. The Spaniards, however, took no steps to form a settlement on the islands, and they were still entirely uninhabited when, in 1609, Admiral Sir George Somers' ship, The Sea Venture, while on a voyage with a fleet of eight other vessels, conveying a party of colonists to the new plantations then being formed in Virginia, was wrecked upon one of the numerous sunken reefs which surround the islands on every side. The reef is still called after the name of the Admiral's ship, The Sea Venture Flat.

Sir George Somers died in Bermuda the following year, and his companions, ignorant possibly of the prior claims of Juan Bermudez, called the group after him, "The Somers' Islands." The reports of the beauty and fertility of the land, taken home by Somers' nephew, Captain Mathew Somers, induced the Virginia Company to seek an extension of their Charter, so as to include the islands within their dominion, and this extension was readily granted by King James I., but shortly afterwards the Virginia Company sold the islands for the sum of 2,000. to a new body of adventurers, called "The Governor and Company of the City of London for the Plantation of the Somers Islands," and thenceforward, for a considerable time, the islands bore the name of the Admiral who had led thither the first body of settlers.