The schools are operated upon a denominational basis, and fees may be charged at the discretion of the local school authorities. In addition to the grant for the maintenance of Elementary Schools, Special Grants are made for the following services:Secondary Education, Adult Education, Industrial Education, the Training of Teachers, and Summer School Courses. The erection and maintenance of school-buildings is mainly the responsibility of the local school units, but assistance is given annually in the form of a small grant from the Government. In commemoration of the Jubilee of His Majesty King George V. the Department has instituted three Scholarships, to be known as the King George V. Jubilee Scholarships. Each is of the annual value of $250-00 and tenable for two years. The holders of these Scholarships are required to pursue their studies at the Memorial University College. In 1893 an Act was passed appointing a Council of Higher Education, with powers to adopt necessary rules and regulations for the purpose of fostering Higher Education in the Colony. A new Curriculum embodying the latest in Educa tional thought has been constructed for the schools of Newfoundland. It is now in the hands of all teachers, and work of an experimental nature is being carried on in selected schools. A general Training School for Teachers was opened in 1921, and in September, 1925, the first real attempt at University work was made, when the Newfoundland Memorial University College was opened, an institution which gives two years' University work. The Training School for Teachers now forms an integral part of the College. Chief Towns. each. There is a property qualification for members, namely: Property exceeding $2,400.00 in amount or value, or a net annual income of $480.00. The ordinary duration of the restricted Session is about three months, and the Legislature generally meets about the middle of February. Owing to the world depression and the inability of meeting the interest charges on the Public Debt, the Legislature in 1933 prayed H.M. The King to suspend the constitution and appoint six Commissioners, who, with the Governor as Chairman, would administer the Government until conditions again became normal. His Majesty thereupon appointed three Commissioners from Newfoundland, and three Commissioners from the United Kingdom. The new Government assumed office on the 16th February, 1934, and in the meantime there is no Legislative Council or House of Assembly. The capital is St. John's, with 39,886 inhabitants. Other towns of importance are Harbor Grace with a population (1935 census) of 2,215; Bonavista, 4,022; Corner Brook, 6,374; Carbonear, 3,367; 1935 Twillingate, 3,203; Grand Falls, 4,244; Burin, 2,277, and Bay Roberts, 1,911. St. John's, which had similarly suffered in 1846 was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1892, the Cathedral and many Government buildings being burnt, with the public records which they contained. The city has been rebuilt in an improved manner. Males. Females. Males. Females Total. 146,199 138,673 2,522 2,194 289,588 In 1763 the population was 13,122, and in 1837, 75,000. 1935 (census), 289,588. The city of St. John's is governed by a Mayor and Year. six Councillors elected under the provisions of the Municipal Act, 1921. Constitution. Total. IMPORTS. From From From U.K. Colonies. Elsewhere. $ $ $ $ 1928-29 6,211,906 12,417,879 16,819,502 29,237,381 1929-30 5,527,575 13,500,706 12,842,870 31,871,151 1930-31 4,192,300 11,066,143 10,003,258 25,261,701 1931-32 3,182,625 8,719,454 6,233,572 18,135,651 1932-33 3,778,014 6,222,107 5,166,747 15,166,868 1933-34 3,833,103 6,988,988 5,483,471 16,305,562 1934-35 4,683,940 7,751,832 6,804,653 19,240,425 1935-36 5,232,606 8,117,705 7,340,783 20,691,094 1936-37 5,672,588 9,230,092 9,022,206 23,924,886 1937-38 6,351,620 10,545,077 11,015,654 27,912,351 Newfoundland has had a Legislature since 1832, but it was the last of the North American Colonies to which responsible Government was conceded; it was established in 1855. In 1925, a Redistribution Act was passed by the Legislature establishing 37 Districts in the Colony instead of 18. In the same year an amendment to the Election Law extended the suffrage to women of twenty-five years and upwards. A further Redistribution Act passed in 1932, reduced the number of Districts to 24. The Year. Government was administered by a Governor, aided by a responsible Executive Council in which the Governor presided, a Legislative Council of 24 members, and a House of Assembly of 27 members, the latter being elected by ballot under the new suffrage—that is, men of 21 years and upwards, and women of 25 years and upwards. In the registration of 1928, there were 66,255 male electors, and 52,343 female electors, making 118,598 electors registered on the Electoral Roll. Of the 24 Districts, 21 return 1 member each and 3 Districts return 2 members EXPORTS. To U.K. To Colonies. Elsewhere. Total. $ $ $ $ 1928-29 7,578,190 4,245,797 32,551,906 36,797,703 1929-30 8,647,948 5,138,655 26,265,356 40,051,959 1930-31 9,491,661 3,536,967 20,508,941 33,537,569 1931-32 7,898,759 2,191,601 16,599,116 26,689,476 1932-33 8,943,988 1,297,115 14,233,929 24,475,032 1933-34 11,092,009 1,701,523 13,997,971 26,791,503 1934-35 10,316,579 3,054,680 13,857,866 27,229,125 1935-36 11,327,187 3,583,646 13,951,204 28,862,037 1936-37 10,927,692 3,488,276 13,642,105 28,058,073 1937-38 13,243,676 4,085,464 17,614,100 34,943,240 Commission of Government. His Excellency the Governor (Chairman). Commissioner for Public Health and Welfare, Hon. J. C. Puddester (Vice-Chairman). Commissioner for Home Affairs and Education, Hon. J. A. Winter, K.C. Commissioner for Natural Resources, Hon. R. B. Ewbank, C.S.I., C.I.E. Commissioner for Public Utilities, Hon. Sir Wilfrid Woods, K.C.M.G. Commissioner for Justice, Hon L. E. Emerson, K.C. Commissioner for Finance, Hon. J. H. Penson, M.C. Secretary of the Commission, W. J. Carew, C.B.E. Department of Justice. Commissioner, Hon. L. E. Emerson, K.C. Judicial Establishment. Chief Justice and Judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court, Judges, Hon. J. M. Kent, Hon. W. J. Higgins. Sheriff of Newfoundland, John Cahill. Central District Court Judge, Wm. J. Browne, K.C. Bonavista, A. Squarey. Corner Brook, A. J. Walsh, K.C. Baine Harbour, Clarence W. Powell. Department of Public Health and Welfare. Commissioner, Hon. J. C. Puddester. Secretary, H. M. Mosdell, M.D. Accountant, Lewis G. Crummey. Business Manager, C. C. Oke. Statistician, Wallace Halfyard. Public Health Officers, Doctors J. St. Knight, O.B.E., L. R. Miller. General Health Inspector, Dr. Alex. Bishop. Superintendent General Hospital, Dr. E. L. Sharpe. Visiting Surgeons, Doctors H. H. Cowperthwaite, E. F. Moores, J. B. Murphy, G. M. Brownrigg, Nigel Rusted, J. T. Smith. Superintendent Hospital Mental Diseases, Dr. John Grieve. Superintendent Sanatorium, Dr. Ray Bennett. Department of Finance. Commissioner, Hon. J. H. Penson, M.C. Secretary, Walter M. Marshall. Accountant, F. Hickey. Department of Customs. Commissioner, Hon. J. H. Penson, M.C. Inspector of Customs, J. S. O'Flaherty. Surveyor, Warwick Smith. Chief Statistical Clerk, H. Godfrey. Department of Posts and Telegraphs. Commissioner, Hon. J. H. Penson, M.C. Secretary, G. D. Frazer. Director of Postal Services, Jordan Milley, J.P. Director of Telegraph Services, J. H. Small, M.B.E. Office of Comptroller and Auditor General. Comptroller and Auditor General, L. F. Armstrong, M.M. Trade Commissioner. Sweden.-O. G. Lundquist, Consul-General at Montreal; Olaf K. Olsen, Honorary Consul, St. John's. Switzerland.-Mons. Gaston Jaccard, ConsulGeneral at Montreal, for Newfoundland. United States of America.-Harold B. Quarton, St. John's, Consul-General for Newfoundland ; Charles C. Sundell, Vice-Consul. Yugoslavia-M. Milivoje Naumovic, Consul-General at Montreal. NEW ZEALAND. Situation and Area. The Dominion of New Zealand consists of three principal islands, called respectively the North, the There are several Trade Commissioner in London, D. James Davies, South, and Stewart Islands. Ecclesiastical Establishment. Bishop of Newfoundland (Church of England), The Roman Catholic Bishop of Harbor Grace, The Right Rev. John March, D.D. Roman Catholic Bishop of St. George's, Right Rev. President of Conferences (United Church), Rev. W. J. Foreign Consuls. Argentine Republic.-Senor Don Saul Aguilar, Belgium.-Baron E. K. de Meerendre, Consul- Cuba.-J. E. Boggild, Consul-General, Montreal Denmark.-Georg B. Holler; Consul-General at Montreal, for Canada and Newfoundland; Consul, J. W. Allan, St. John's. Dominican Republic.—Hon. I. R. Randall, Consul (Honorary). Finland.-Mons. Akseli Rauanheimo, Consul- General. Italy.-Signor Pavlode Simone, Consul at Montreal, for Newfoundland; Chas. McK. Harvey, ConsulGeneral. Latvia.-Olaf K. Olsen, Vice-Consul. Netherlands.-Mons. G. P. Luden, Consul at Norway, Canada (exc. of British Columbia) and Newfoundland.-Mons. Daniel steen, Consul-General, Montreal; Hon. Consul, Capt. Olaf K. Olsen, St. John's. Poland.-Monsiers Jan Pawlica, Consul-General, H. small islets (mostly uninhabited) within the boun- In April, 1842, by Royal Letters Patent, and again by the Act 26 & 27 Vict., cap. 23, all islands between 162° E. and 173° W. long., and 33° and 53 S. lat., were annexed to New Zealand. By Proclamation dated 21st July, 1887, the group called the Kermadec Islands, situated about 614 miles N.E. of the Bay of Islands, was annexed to New Zealand. These are a chain of widely separated islets, lying between 29° and 32° S. lat., and 1773° and 179 W. long. The principal are Raoul or Sunday, and Macaulay, the next in size being Curtis and L'Espérance. Raoul comprises 11 square miles, is covered with forest, and rises to a height of 1,723 feet. The Protectorate over the Cook Islands was administered through the Governor of New Zealand until 1900; in October of that year the group was annexed to Her Majesty's Dominions, and resolutions were passed by the New Zealand Parliament for the extension of the boundaries of the Dominion to include the group as well as Niue (Savage) Island and other small islands. By proclamation finally fixing the date from which the boundaries of New Zealand are deemed to be extended, from the 11th June, 1901, the following islands are included:Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Aitutaki, Mitiaro, Maukè, Manuae and Te Au-o-tu (Hervey Islands), Palmerston (Avarau), Niue (Savage), Pukapuka (Danger), Nassau, Rakahanga, Manihiki, Penrhyn (Tongareva), and Suwarrow. An account of the Cook Islands is given below. The principal Allied and Associated Powers, assembled at Versailles, decided that the islands of Western Samoa should be assigned under mandate to New Zealand; and a mandate was J. issued by the Council of the League of Nations in December, 1920, in favour of New Zealand. |