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large road bridges and railway viaducts by day labour and on the co-operative system.

All the cities and principal towns are supplied with water at the cost of the corporations.

All the principal towns in the Dominion have gasworks, some of them belonging to private companies, but the majority to the corporations. The coal from Greymouth is stated to be one of the best in the world for making gas.

Railways.-At the end of the financial year, 31st March, 1938, there were 3,323 miles of Government and approximately 200 miles of private railways in operation in New Zealand.

The capital cost charged to the 3,323 miles of opened Government railways as at 31st March, 1938, is 54,205,496l., or an average of 16,3121. a mile. This includes all charges connected with the construction and equipment of the lines. The actual expenditure is greater by 10,400,000l. written off in 1931-32.

The operating revenue from the Government railways for the year 1937-38 was 7,591,8251. and the operating expenses 7,291,7851. The gauge throughout is 3ft. 6in.

Telegraphs and Telephones. Of telegraph and inter-urban telephone circuits there are 12,063 miles of pole line and 66,906 miles of wire. There are 309 Morse telegraph offices (including 29 equipped with machine printing apparatus), 1,688 telephone offices and 349 telephone exchanges, the latter having 188,587 connections with 16,334 miles of pole-line and 1,796 miles of cable (underground, aerial and submarine), the total length of wire involved being 581,231 miles. 1,021 public call offices (coin-in-the-slot telephones) are in use.

There are now 17 automatic exchanges in operation, covering 106,334 connections. In 1926 a four-core continuously loaded telephone cable was laid between the two Islands and in conjunction with the installation of carrier-current equipment and voice-frequency amplifiers on the main land-lines, refinements which have been introduced at a rapid rate in recent years, provides a most efficient inter-island telephone system. In order to cope with the growth of toll traffic an additional cable was laid between the North and South Islands in June, 1937. This cable is of the single-core, coaxial type designed for highfrequency carrier-current operation and is capable of carrying 23 telephone channels and 36 two-way machine printing telegraph channels. The facilities now provided enable all the important centres in each island to obtain reliable telephone communication one with another at any hour of the day or night. There are eight submarine cables, connecting the two islands of New Zealand; two Auckland-Sydney, and one Auckland- Brisbane, via Norfolk Island, connecting the Dominion with Australia, and one connecting Auckland with Suva (Fiji).

The Pacific cable, which was opened for traffic to Australia and Fiji in April, 1902, was completed to Bamfield, Vancouver Island, on the 31st October following, and opened for international traffic on the 8th December, 1902. The laying of the Auckland-Suva cable was completed in 1923. The duplicated cable between Suva (Fiji) and Bamfield (British Columbia) was opened for traffic in 1926.

On the opening of the Pacific cable for through traffic the ordinary rate to Great Britain was 38. per word, Government messages 1s. 6hd., and Press 18. per word.

By successive reductions the rates to Great Britain and Ireland have been now reduced to le. 3d. per word ordinary rate, 10d. per word CDE rate, 7d. for Government messages, 4d. for Press messages, and 3d. at deferred Press rate.

A system of deferred ordinary telegrams was introduced in 1912. These messages, which are transmitted after ordinary and press telegrams are accepted at one-half the ordinary rate.

A further class of cheap rate cable message is the Daily Letter Telegram which is subject to approximately 48 hours' delay during transmission, being delivered on the morning of the second day following the day of lodgment. The rate to Great Britain is 108. 5d. minimum charge and 5d. for each word in excess of 25 words.

Until 1932, when the Wellington station was closed following the merger in 1929 in the London Company known as Cable and Wireless Limited, of the Pacific, Eastern Extension, Australasia and China and other Empire wireless and cable services, the terminal in New Zealand of the Eastern Company's cable from Sydney was maintained at Wellington. The Wellington station has now been removed to Auckland, and amalgamated with the cable station there. One of the two WellingtonSydney cables has had its New Zealand terminal transferred to Auckland while a portion of the second cable has been taken up.

In the year ended 31st March, 1938, excluding the value of service messages, the telegraph revenue was 2,479,9351. (including telephone exchange and other telegraph receipts); number of messages 19,963,7107. (of which number 19,933,844 were private or press messages). Ordinary telegrams are charged at a flat rate of one penny per word, with a minimum charge of sixpence, and letter-telegrams a flat rate of one shilling for twenty-four words and one penny for each additional two words. Letter-telegrams are delivered by post on the morning following the day of lodgment.

Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony.-There are 29 public radio stations in and around New Zealand which are under the control of the New Zealand Government, namely: Auckland, Wellington, Awarua, Jackson's Bay, Puysegur Point and Milford Sound on the mainland and in addition, Chatham Islands, Cuvier Island (temporary), Great Mercury Island, Moko Hinau (temporary), Portland Island and Stephens Island on the Islands of those names off the coast of New Zealand, Atiu, Aitutaki, Mangaia, Manihiki, Mauke, Penrhyn, Pukapuka and Rarotonga, in the Cook Group; Apia, Aleipata, Fagamalo, Salailua and Tuasivi, in Western Samoa; Atafu, Nukunono and Fakaofo, in the Tokelau or Union Group; and Niue Island. The small stations at Aitutaki, Aleipata, Atafu, Atiu, Fagamalo, Fakaofo, Nukunono, Pukapuka, Salailua, Tuasivi, Mangaia, Manihiki, Mauke, Niue, Cuvier Island, Great Mercury Island, Jackson's Bay, Moko Hinau, Milford Sound, Penrhyn, Portland Island, Puysegur Point and Stephens Island engage exclusively in point-to-point communication. By means of the Wellington, Apia and Rarotonga stations communication is maintained between New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.

In addition there are 72 wireless ship-stations registered in New Zealand.

A radio telephone service between New Zealand and Australia was opened in 1930 and now extends to Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Eire and the Isle of Man. Charges per minute are as follows:—

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To Australia Great Britain N. Ireland Isle of Man Eire This service is also available to most of the principal countries in Europe at slight increases on the rates mentioned; and also to the T.S.S. "Awates

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engaged in the inter-colonial service, the charge being 38. 4d. per minute with a minimum fee of 10s. Broadcasting. The broadcasting service in New Zealand is controlled by the Minister of Broadcasting, under the Broadcasting Act of 1936. The stations operated by the National Service are designed to give coverage over the entire Dominion. There were 285,007 licensed radio listeners in New Zealand at 31st March, 1938, compared with 241,308 at 31st March, 1937. The license fee is 25s.

In addition to the National Stations, some private broadcasting stations are operating in the smaller centres. These receive no share of license fees, but a few in provincial centres are subsidised or assisted by the National Broadcasting Service.

A National Commercial Broadcasting Service with sole advertising rights is owned and operated by the Government. Four commercial stations are now in operation, one in each of the four main centres. Tramways. Tramways have been established in most of the principal towns in New Zealand. Auckland, Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington, New Plymouth, Invercargill, and Wanganui have electric tramway systems on the overhead principle. In Wellington and Dunedin there are cable tramways connecting with the higher levels. In Wanganui the higher levels of Durie Hill are reached by means of an elevator.

Electricity. The Dominion is particularly well supplied with available water power, the total available in sources of 1,000 h.p. or over being about 770,000 h.p. in the North Island, and 4,100,000 h.p. in the South Island. Of the total of the installed capacity in the power stations of the Dominion 278,905 k.w., or 99.6 per cent., is driven by water power, and the proportion is increasing each year.

The organisation of electric supply is based on generation and main or primary transmission by the Government, mainly by hydro-electric stations interconnected for better continuity of supply. Power thus generated and transmitted to main centres is sold by the Government in bulk to the retail distributing authorities which consist for the most part of Electric Power Boards, i.e., local authorities specially set up for the purpose of carrying out the distribution of electricity.

For carrying out its policy of generation and main transmission the Government has eight hydroelectric plants in operation, viz. :-Lake Coleridge, 34,500 kilowatts; Horahora, 10,300 kilowatts; Arapuni, 103,500 kilowatts; Waikaremoana, 32,000 kilowatts; Mangahao, 19,200 kilowatts; Waitaki, 30,000 kilowatts; Monowai, 6,000 kilowatts; and Arnold River, 3,060 kilowatts.

Power is transmitted from Arapuni, Waikaremoana, Mangahao and Waitaki at 110,000 volts, Lake Coleridge, Monowai and Arnold River at 66,000 volts, and Horahora at 50,000 volts.

The retail electrical supply in the Dominion is now largely in the hands of electric power boards. Until 1915, when the Government scheme at Lake Coleridge commenced supply, the distribution of the power was carried out by local authorities and companies operating various power stations, subject to licences issued under the Public Works Act. On the Government entering into the business of generating electricity for sale in bulk, it was found desirable to delegate the responsibility for the retail distribution to the local authorities. The smaller local authorities had only a few hundred consumers each, and with annual revenue ranging from 1,0007. to 4,500, each were found too small to take a comprehensive grasp of the commercial problems involved. The Electric Power Boards Act, 1918 (consolidated in 1925), set up new local authorities especially charged with the responsibility of electric power supply and its retail

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distribution. The areas to be constituted determined by petition, which must be signed by at least 25 per cent. of the ratepayers in the proposed district. The Board is elected by the ratepayers of the various constituent areas of the district, and has full powers of borrowing for the construction of works and rating to make up any deficiency in the revenue. The areas of the power districts are intended to be large, and to include several constituent local districts, boroughs or counties. The Boards have wide powers to purchase energy from the Government when available, or to develop it from water power or any other source where such a supply is not available. In October, 1936, the Southland Electric Power district was taken over by the Government and the generating station at Lake Monowai, together with the transmission and distribution system, is now being operated by the Public Works Department. On the other hand, a new Electric Power Districtthe Bay of Islands-was gazetted in March, 1937, but the newly constituted Electric Power Board is not yet functioning as a supply authority. Up to March, 1937, forty-five Boards, excluding Southland, had been gazetted covering an area equal to 69-4 per cent. of the total area of the Dominion and containing 66.7 per cent. of the total population of the Dominion. The unimproved value of the land included in the above area equals 78.3 per cent. of the total unimproved value of the Dominion. Fortyone Boards have so far taken their loan polls, and have received authority from their ratepayers to borrow a total of 13,344,700l. Thirty Boards are distributing power purchased in bulk from the Government hydro-electric plants at Arapuni, Horahora, Waikaremoana, Mangahao, Lake Coleridge Waitaki. One Board has taken over a large city steam power house as a stand-by plant, and has extended both the generating plant and the mains, but has further agreed to take the whole of its normal power from the Government's Arapuni plant, the first unit of which went into operation in June, 1929, and the sixth unit in February, 1938. Nine Boards have their own power stations in operation. Two others have arranged to purchase power in bulk from other authorities. Including the Government stations, there are 35 water power plants, 1 steam power plant, and 5 oil power plants, making a total of 41 main plants with a total installed capacity of 279,910 kilowatts, including the sixth unit of 21,600 k.w. at Arapuni. There are 46 stand-by plants with a total installed capacity of 99,338 kilowatts. The total population included in the various areas of electric power supply is 93-2 per cent. of the total population of the Dominion. The units sold per head of population supplied were 659. The total length of distribution lines, mostly overhead, is 24,407 route miles. Out of the 91 distributing authorities 79 showed a profit for the year ended 31st March, 1938, amounting to 889,848., after payment of working costs, interest and sinking fund and depreciation, and 12 showed a loss amounting to 11,2541., making a net profit for the whole Dominion of 878,5941.

or

The total capital expenditure on Government schemes to 31st March, 1938, is 15,536,0291.

The total capital outlay on all plants in the Dominion in operation at 31st March, 1938, is 35,527,3421., the units generated were 1,249,768,455, and the number of consumers 388,580.

Ports and Docks. The coasts of the Dominion are well marked with lighthouses and beacons. and all the ports are provided with wharves and jetties in proportion to the trade. Important works to afford shelter and increase the depth of water have been executed or are in course of construction at Thames, Gisborne, Waikokopu, Napier, Wanganui,

Patea, New Plymouth, Waitara, Nelson, Timaru, Westport, Greymouth, Hokitika, Wairau, Lyttelton, Oamaru, and Dunedin. There are graving docks at Port Chalmers, Lyttelton, and Auckland. At Wellington there are two patent slip-ways capable of taking up a two thousand ton ship. A floating dock having a deadweight lifting capacity of 17,000 tons has been installed.

Mail Communication.

Regular mail communication with Great Britain is maintained by connections with the Empire Air Service from Sydney to London. In addition, frequent exchanges of second-class mails and parcels are made via the Panama Canal and Cape Horn. Exchanges of mails by steamer are also made with North America, Australia, the East and the Pacific Islands.

Postage Rates.

The postage on inland letters is 1d. for the first ounce or fraction thereof, and d. for each additional ounce or fraction thereof. The postage on correspondence for delivery by air-mail within N.Z. is 2d. per ounce, and for overseas correspondence conveyed by air within N.Z. 1d. per ounce, plus ordinary overseas postage or overseas air-mail postage as may be required. The rates of postage on letters for overseas countries are as follow:

Great Britain and all Empire Countries, also
Egypt, 1d. each ounce.

Foreign Countries, 24d. first ounce; 1d. each
additional ounce.

The inland rate for newspapers is :-each copy d. for each 8 oz. or fraction thereof. The rate for newspapers printed and published in New Zealand, for British countries, is, for each newspaper, if not over 2 oz., d. (printed-paper rate), if over 2 oz., each copy ld. for each 16 oz. or fraction thereof. The rate for newspapers for foreign countries and for newspapers not printed and published in New Zealand addressed to Great Britain, is for each newspaper: d. for each 2 oz. or fraction thereof. The inland parcel post rates are:-Not exceeding 3 lbs., 6d.; exceeding 3 lbs., but not exceeding 7 lbs., 18.; exceeding 7 lbs., but not exceeding 14 lbs., 18. 6d. ; exceeding 14 lbs., but not exceeding 21 lbs., 28.; exceeding 21 lbs., but not exceeding 28 lbs., 28. 6d. For parcels of awkward size, there are special rates. A fragile fee of 1s. or 18. 6d. (according to size of parcel) is charged on all inland parcels which the senders desire forwarded to destin. ation in hampers.

DEPENDENCIES OF NEW ZEALAND.*

COOK ISLANDS.

The Cook Islands were declared to be under British protection in October, 1888, by Captain Bourke, of H.M.S. "Hyacinth," and Manuae, Te Au-o-Tu and Takutea (at that time known as the Hervey Group) by Commander Nicolls, of H.M.S. "Cormorant," in June, 1889. The latter name has fallen into disuse, all of the Islands collectively being known as the Cook Group.

Until 1901 British authority was represented by a Resident who was paid by the Government of New Zealand, and reported direct to the Governor of that Dominion. The first British Resident, Mr. F. J. Moss, who was appointed in 1890, succeeded in 1891 in arranging for the establishment of an Elective Federal Parliament to make laws for the whole group. Each island, however, continued

A full account of these Dependencies will be found in the "New Zealand Official Year-Book," to

which the Editors desire to express their acknowledg

ments.

to enjoy self-government in such purely local affairs as it could properly manage for itself. The Federal Executive Council or Government was composed of the Arikis, who are also the principal landowners. The chief of these, Queen Makea, Ariki of Avarua, was the nominal head of the Government. A Supreme Court was established, and a law was passed regulating the sale of intoxicants, and imposing a general ad valorem duty of 10 per cent. on imports. All laws and administrative acts were subject to the approval of the Resident, who was also a Deputy and Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific, and Chief Justice of the High Court of the Cook Islands.

The Islands became part of the Dominion of New Zealand from the 11th June, 1901. The administration and laws were continued in force subject to the provisions of the Cook Islands Government Act, passed in that year.

In 1915 an Act was passed by the New Zealand Parliament consolidating the laws relating to the Cook Islands and Niue Island, and providing for the appointment of a member of the Executive Council of New Zealand as the Minister for the Cook Islands, who is charged with the administration of the government of the Islands. By the Cook Islands Amendment Act, 1932, the administration of Niue Island was transferred to the Minister of External Affairs.

The Act also makes provision for the constitution of Island Councils; for the establishment of public schools, Courts of Justice, Native Land Court, etc.

The census population of the Cook Islands at 30th April, 1936, was 12,246 (excluding Niue). Minister for the Cook Islands, Rt. Hon. M. J. Savage, P.C.

Secretary, Cook Islands Department, Wellington, C. A. Berendsen.

Resident Commissioner at Rarotonga, H. F. Ayson

RAROTONGA.

Distant from Auckland, 1,638 miles;

circum

ference, 20 miles; height 2,100 ft.; area, 26 square miles; estimated population, 31st March, 1938, 5,488.

Rarotonga is the most fertile and valuable of the Cook group, and it has the largest population. The island has been exceptionally favoured by nature, not only with delightful scenic attractions, but also with a remarkably rich and productive soil.

The Polynesian people are very closely akin to the Maoris of New Zealand.

The seat and centre of the government of the Cook Islands-the double township of Avarua and Avatiu-is situated on the north or lee side of the island of Rarotonga, opposite two small openings in the coral reef. The former, where the residence of the Commissioner is situated, has the advantage of a boat harbour, where small craft can be moored in safety when the wind is not blowing in from the sea.

New Zealand postal notes apply in the Cook Islands and a government money-order office is in operation. Wireless stations are established at Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke, Manihiki, Penrhyn and Niue.

The total value of exports from the Cook Islands (excluding Niue) for 1937 was 86,333., and imports amounted to 86,5341. The principal items of export are fresh fruit, coconuts, copra, and pearl shell.

Receipts and payments of the Cook Islands (excluding Niue) for the year 1937-38: Receipts, 56,599.; payments, 47,2071.

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Distant from Rarotonga, 120 miles; circumference, 20 miles; height, 374, ft.; area, 22 square miles; estimated population, March, 1938, 1,120.

A wireless station is erected at Atiu. Atiu resembles Mangaia in formation, being a raised mass of coral with high jagged cliffs facing the sea.

On the highest point of the central ridge coco. nuts, bananas, oranges, and coffee grow with the utmost luxuriance; and the kumera, one of the most valuable of South Sea vegetables, yields large crops. The coconut-palm grows well everywhere, but especially so on the coral rock formation. Resident Agent, D. Brown.

MAUKE.

Distant from Rarotonga, 151 miles; circumference, 10 miles; height, about 60 ft.; area 5 square miles; estimated population, March, 1938, 701.

Mauke is a low circular island about two miles across, lying to the north-east of Rarotonga. Like Mangaia and Atiu, it is surrounded by an unbroken fringing reef. It is marvellously fertile, and produce of considerable value and quantity is exported. There is a wireless station on the island. Resident Agent, E. C. Vellenoweth.

MITIARO.

Distant from Rarotonga, 142 miles and from Mauke 20 miles; circumference, 5 miles; height, about 50 ft.; area 6 square miles; estimated population, March, 1938, 279.

This island is a good instance of an elevated coral reef, thinly coated with sand and gravel of the same material. The greater part of the surface is not more than six feet above high-water mark. Resident Agent, E. C. Vellenoweth,

ТАКСТЕА.

Distant from Rarotonga, 120 miles; area, square mile; population nil.

This island was presented to the Crown by the Ariki of Atiu to whom it belonged. It is a coral island, moderately fertile.

AITUTAKI.

Distant from Rarotonga, 140 miles: circumference, 14 miles; height, 450 ft.; area 7 square miles; estimated population, March, 1938, 1,843.

as

The name includes the island anciently known "Ara-ura," and some seven or eight smaller islands on the vast barrier reef. Some of these are volcanic, and would seem to have been small peaks on the lip of an extinct volcano, now submerged.

The island itself is pear-shaped, about four miles by two, its highest part being 450 feet high.

Copra is the chief product, and some of the best oranges and pineapples are grown here. The Aitutakians are naturally a hardy race, and industrious. They are said to be the best

sailors in the Cook group. They make fans and mats, and are expert at plaiting various fibres for hatmaking.

A wireless station is erected on the island.
Resident Agent (Vacant).

MANUAE AND TE AU-O-Tu.

Distant from Rarotonga, 128 miles; area of Manuae, 2 square miles.

These two small islands are situated about midway between Atiu and Aitutaki, and are owned by the people of the latter place. Census population 1936, S. PALMERSTON ATOLL.

Distant from Rarotonga, 277 miles; area, 1 square mile; population, 100.

The Palmerstons are situated upon an irregular ring of coral reef, measuring outside about four miles and a half by two miles and a half, just awash with the tide. The narrow ring is about half a mile in width, and it supports eight little islets, nearly all covered with coconut palms. The largest of these is little more than half a mile in length and about a quarter of a mile wide. Copra is the only article of export. Resident Agent, J. Marsters.

PENRHYN.

Distant 740 miles from Rarotonga; area, 3 square miles; census population, 1936, 467.

This atoll is known to the Polynesians as Tongareva or Ma-ngaro-ngaro and is valuable by reason of the existence of pearlshell beds in the extensive lagoon. The lagoon is proclaimed a reserve for public pearlshell fishing, and regulations control pearlshell diving.

The coconut crop is considerable. Fresh water is very scarce, and large concrete tanks have been built by the Administration in the various villages for storage of rain water. Resident Agent, V. Rasmussen.

SUWARROW.

Distant from Rarotonga, 525 miles; area, square mile. It is at present uninhabited.

Suwarrow is an atoll with a splendid lagoon. Part of the anchorage has been gazetted as a naval reserve. The remainder of the Island is leased to private enterprise.

MANIHIKI AND RAKAHANGA.

Distant from Rarotonga, 650 and 670 miles respectively; area, each 2 square miles; census population, 1936, Manihiki, 487; Rakahanga, 290. Manihiki is nearly circular. The island occasionally suffers from drought and similar tanks to those at Penrhyn have been erected.

Rakahanga is also an atoll.

The Manihiki lagoon has been proclaimed a reserve for public pearlshell fishing, and regulations control diving as at Penrhyn.

The only industry is now that of copra-making. Resident Agent, L. H. Trenn.

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indigenous population. The present residents consist of labourers, introduced by the Company to work the plantation.

Education.

The exports for 1937 amounted to 23,3211., and the imports to 29,3091. The receipts for 1937-8 amounted to 35,4431., and payments to 22,3117. The principal exports were copra 10,8251.; hats and baskets, 3461. bananas, 10,2831.; and Kumeras, 1,451l.

FINANCE, SHIPPING AND TRAde of NEW ZEALAND.

The control of education in the Cook Islands is by the Cook Islands Act, 1915, placed under the Minister for the Cook Islands. Four schools are established in Rarotonga. Schools are also established at Aitutaki, Mauke, Mitiaro, Pukapuka, Mangaia, Atiu and Palmerston. The instruction given in the Government schools is similar to that of the New Zealand State Schools but with a special syllabus Year. Revenue. suitable to the requirements of the people. The London Missionary Society is subsidised for conducting schools in the islands of the Northern Group.

Medical.

Under the provisions of the Cook Islands Act, 1915, all natives of the Cook Islands are provided gratuitously with such medical and surgical aid as is reasonably required and practicable. As a result of this beneficient policy the population is healthy and particularly free from the usual tropical diseases. The increase of births over deaths during recent years has reached a very high rate.

Trade of Cook Islands.

Oranges, bananas, tomatoes, and copra are the chief exports. Tomatoes are sent to New Zealand in winter and spring.

Direct steamer connection is given between the Cook Islands and N.Z. by vessels of the Union Steam Ship Co., of N.Z., Ltd.

NIUE.

By an act of the New Zealand Parliament passed in December, 1932, the control of the Island of Niue was transferred from the Minister

for the Cook Islands to the Minister of External Affairs.

Minister of External Affairs, Rt. Hon. M. J. Savage, P.C.

Secretary for External Affairs, C. A. Berendsen, LL.M.

Resident Commissioner, Niue, W. M. Bell.

census

Distant from Auckland, 1,343 miles, and from Rarotonga, 590 miles; circumference, 40 miles; height, 200 ft.; area, 100 square miles; population 1936, 4,104. Steamer connection with two New Zealand ports, Wellington and Lytteltonthirteen trips each year are made. There is a wireless station at Alofi, the port of the island.

There are two Government schools conducted on the same lines as the Cook Islands schools.

Niue was placed under a separate administration by an Amending Act of 1903. It is a long, low island. fringed with a misty cloud of fine spray. The shores being too deep and steep to support a barrier reef, the coastline is deprived of its protection. It is fertile, but fresh water is very scarce.

The orange, the coconut, the banana, and other tropical products grow well, and the lemon flourishes on the rocky shores.

The natives of Niue are somewhat different in character from other Polynesians. They are very industrious. The girls and women plait hats. which are exported to New Zealand and Australia. They are keen traders but are averse to strangers obtaining a foothold in the island itself.

FINANCES.

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£ N.Z. £ N.Z. 1928 23,599,676 24,176,928 4,031,102 4,391,091 1929 25,349,861 25,200,882 4,263,943 4,644,565 1930 23,068.931 24,708,042 4,069,394 4,611,134 1931 22,719,733 24,860,552 3,688,944 4,311,633 1932 22,568,521† 22,528,379 3,684,058 4,700,569 1933 23,492,7498 24,202,027 3,884,020 5,048,703 1934 26,126,094 24,499,595 4,154,980 5,221,115 1935 26,172,368 25,890,568 4,038,510 5,188,781 1937 36,059,443 35,248,621 4,500,804 5,840,809 1936 31,147,187 30,675,158 4,404,885 5,740,742

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