Staff Captain, Captain S. O. de B. S. Macartney, Intelligence Officer, Lieut. J. A. Powell, B.A. W., R.E. Staff Paymaster, Major E. J. Sharland, M.B.E., T.A. Medical Officers, E. W. C. Jobson, M.B., Ch.B. (Edin.), | Brigade Major, Captain R. B. Pembroke, C. Gds. H.O. Watkins-Pitchford, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. Staff Officer Local Forces, Major the Lord Stratheden, (Lond.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), Cert. London C. Gds. S.H.T.M., A. J. Enzer, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), P. C. C. Garnham, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), M.D., B.S. (U. Lond.), D.P.H. (Lond.), K. A. T. Martin, M.D., Ch.B. (Edin.), D.P.H. (Edin.), C. R. Philip, M.B.E., M.D., Ch.B. (Aberd.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), W. Wilkinson, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), J. A. Carman, M.D., M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), M.B., B.S. (Lond.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), D. Bell, M.B., B.Ch. (Edin.), J. H. H. Chataway, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), R. McFiggans, M.B., Ch.B. (Edin.), P. Ross, M.B., Ch.B. (Aberd.), N. McLean, M.B., Ch.B. (Glasg.), D. Plum, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), D.T.M. (L'pool), 6001. to 1,000l. ; G. S. Hale, M.B., B.S. (Lond.), M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Eng.), A. T. Howell, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), W. A. Bullen, L.R.C.P. & S. (Irel.), D.P.H., D.T.M. (L'pool), L.M. (Rotunda, Dublin), P. P. D. Connolly, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. (Belf.), D.P.H. (Man.), D.T.M. (L'pool), E. A. Trim, M.D. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), M.B., Ch.B. (Camb.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), T. F. Anderson, M.A., M.D., B.Ch. (Camb.), M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), G. D. Drury, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), D.T.M. & H. (L'pool), P. G. Preston, M.B., Ch.B. (U. Sheffield), M.C.O.G., M. A. W. Roberts, B.A., M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. (U. Dubl.), F.R.C.S. (Irel.), H. N. Turner, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. (U. Belf.), D.T.M. (Lond.), E. M. Clark, M.R.C.P. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), R. H. B.A. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S. (Lond.), L.R.C.P. (Eng.), Resident Physician, Mathari Mental Hospital, J. C. D. L.R.C.P. (Lond.), 810l. to 9207. District Surgeon, C. F. Searle, M.C., M.R.C.S., Assistant Surgeons, H. L. Sargent, W. N. Sargent, Matron, European Hospital, Nairobi, Miss M. I. Chief Sanitary Inspector, A. P. Ling, 720l. to 8401. Senior Pathologist, F. W. Vint, M.D., B.Ch., B.A.O., Bio. Chemist, D. Harvey, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D., 6001. Entomologists, C. B. Symes, 8401. to 9201., Dr. J. I. Military. Brigade-Commander, Brigadier J. A. Campbell, D.S.O., p.s.c., Comdg. Northern Brigade, K.A.R. and Local Forces. O.C., Coast Defence Unit, K.A.R., Captain C. F. O.C. 5th Bn. K.A.R., Lieut.-Col. T. L. Barkas, E. 2nd-in-C. 5th Bn. K.A.R., Major J. S. Hewick, Adjutant 5th Bn. K.A.R., H. D. Tweedie, S. Gds. Commissioner of Mines, H. Izard (seconded from A.I.M.M., 600l. to 7201. to 600%. 1,000l. Officer in Charge, Police Stores and Accounts, Capt. Assistant Superintendents, J. A. Palfreman, D. D. M. Cadet, W. S. Cormack, 3501. Posts and Telegraphs Department. Assistant Regional Director, D. Cormack, D.C.M., 7201. Senior Postmasters, J. C. Grierson, A. W. Drury, Chief Accountant, C. H. Terry, 1,0007. KENYA. Superintendent of the Line, A. Dalton, A.M.Inst.T., Engineer-in-Chief, G. P. Willoughby, M.Sc.Tech. | Legal Adviser, H. F. Hawes (Solicitor of the Supreme (Vict.), M.Sc. (Cape), M.I.E.E., 1,1201. Divisional Engineers, G. L. Carter, M.I.R.S.E., W. A. Atterbury, M.I.R.S.E., G. C. Pocock, A.M.I.E.E., 720l. to 8401. Assistant Engineers, C. R. Minns, S. M. Jack, A. Chief Storekeeper, H. C. Frank, 500l. to 6601. Government Press. Government Printer, G. H. Braithwaite, 720l. to 9201. Prisons Department. Commissioner of Prisons, G. H. Heaton, 1,000%. Senior Superintendent, B. B. Donald, 600l. to 7201. Public Works Department. Director of Public Works, J. C. Stronach, 1,3501. Deputy Chief Accountant, C. F. Lee, 600l. to 7201. Senior Executive Engineer, C. H. Walmsley, M.C., M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Mun. & Cty.E., M.Inst.W.F., 920l. to 1,000l. Executive Engineers, H. A. Campbell, A.M.Inst.C.E., Senior Assistant Engineers, Major J. R. Saidler, M.C., Assistant Engineers, E. H. Robins, H. H. Facey, Assistant Superintendent of the Line, A. F. Kirby, Assistant Superintendents, Class I, A. G. Higgins, District Traffic Superintendents, Class I, Henry W. Assistant Superintendent (Catering). A. J. Randall Motor Transport Officer, W. S. Godfrey, 600l. to 7201. Senior Marine Engineer, A. A. Conn, M.I.Mar.E., Engineer-in-Charge, Lake Kioga, Eng.-Lt. G. F. Commanders, R. D. Hoskins, J. Lochhead, Commdr. First Officers, Lt.-Comdr. T. A. Burnett, R.N. (retired), First Engineers, Lieut. D. S. Sweeney (late R.E.), Second Engineers, F. Craig, M.I.Mar.E., W. Lockie, Senior District Engineers, P. Macfarlane, J. G. Nisbet, District Engineer, R. C. Gowthorpe, B.Sc. (Hons.), Senior Assistant Engineers, H. M. Kirkland, B.Sc., Office Assistant to the Chief Engineer, H. J. Walker, Office Assistant (Land), J. G. Lindeman, 500l. to Senior Draughtsmen (Engineering), G. C. Beath, M.I.R.Sig.E., R. C. Wontner, I. Lingwood, 4801. to 6001. Ward, Senior Draughtsman (Architectural), J. Chief Accountant, R. P. Walker, F.I.A.C., M.Inst.T., 1,500l. Assistant Chief Accountant, H. A. Bailey, 950l. to 1,100%. Senior Assistant Accountants, B. B. Thornton, Assistant Accountants, J. T. Ferguson, A.L.A.A., to 8401. District Stores Superintendent, F. W. Tovee, 600l. to 7201. Port Manager and District Traffic Superintendent, Pilots, N. H. Blake, H. E. Brown, A. M. Smith, 480l. to 7201. Office Assistant to Port Manager, W. G. Beveridge, 600l. to 7201. THE LEEWARD ISLANDS. Situation and Area. The Colony of the Leeward Islands, with a total area of 708 square miles, consists of a number of islands belonging partly to the chain of the Lesser Antilles and partly (the Virgin Islands Group) to the eastern extremity of the Greater Antilles. The islands of Antigua, Barbuda, St. Christopher (St. Kitts), Nevis and Montserrat form a fairly compact group between the 61st and 63rd degree of west longitude and around the 17th degree of north latitude; but Dominica lies about 100 miles to the south, separated by the French island of Guadeloupe from the rest of the Colony, while Anguilla, Sombrero, and still more the Virgins group (Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, etc.), lie apart to the north and north-west. St. Kitts, Nevis, Montserrat and Dominica form part of the volcanic chain of the Lesser Antilles, whilst Antigua and Barbuda form part of the eastern sedimentary series of the same chain. Politically the Colony is divided into five Presidencies -Antigua (with Barbuda), St. Christopher and Nevis (with Anguilla), Dominica, Montserrat and the Virgin Islands. These have been united and separated at various times in their history, and were finally federated in 1871 by Imperial Act 34 and 35 Vict., cap. 107. Sombrero was added to the Colony by Order in Council under the Colonial Boundaries Act on the 10th August, 1904, being attached to the Virgin Islands Presidency. For general map of the West Indies, see under History. The islands were discovered by Columbus on his second voyage, in 1493, and became British during the 17th century. Particulars of their subsequent history will be found in the separate articles, but it may here be mentioned, that with the exception of Dominica, they have been from the first associated politically as well as geographically. They were all colonised from St. Kitts as centre, all included in the Carlisle grant, and possessed a common Legislature as far back as the reign of William and Mary. The General Legislature met for the last time in 1798, tion Act, which was allowed; a Catholic Emancipawhen it passed a highly humane slave amelioration Act, and an Act repealing the duty on exports of 4 per cent. for the benefit of the English exchequer both which were disallowed. An attempt was made by Sir William Colebrook in 1837 to revive the General Legislature, and though the attempt was regarded unfavourably in some quarters, and the Legislature never actually met, yet the right to revive it was clear, and there is no doubt that the Act of 1871, the passing of which was largely due to the energy and activity of Sir Benjamin Pine, is no more than a revival of the ancient constitution of the islands. Presidencies of St. Kitts and Nevis, with Anguilla and their respective dependencies, were united into one Presidency by the Federal Act No. 2 of 1882. Climate. The The climate of the islands varies, but is usually dry (except in Dominica) and fairly healthy. Antigua is subject to drought, and has an average rainfall of about 45 inches; St. Kitts, Nevis and Montserrat have average rainfalls of from 50 to 60 inches; the rainfall of Dominica averages about 120 inches. The mean temperature is about 80°, with but a slight range. The Virgin Islands are cooler. The hot season is from May to October; the rainy season from August to January. Constitution. By "The Leeward Islands Act, 1871," one Executive and one Legislative Council, under one Governor, were constituted for the six (now five) presidencies. The Legislative Council now consists of ten official members; nine elected members, and one nominated member (Virgin Islands). Three elected members are chosen by the unofficial members of the Legislative Council of Antigua, two by those of the Legislative Council of Dominica, three by those of the Legislative Council of St. Kitts and Nevis, and one by those of the Legislative Council of Montserrat. They must be and continue members of their respective island councils. As there is no Legislative Council in the Virgin Islands, one member is appointed by the Governor to represent that Presidency. The official members are the Governor, the Attorney-General, the Federal Treasurer, the Administrators of St. Kitts, Nevis, and Dominica, the Administrator of Antigua, who is also Federal Secretary of the Colony, and the Commissioners of Montserrat and the Virgin Islands, such other person holding office under the Government of the Colony of the Leeward Islands as the Governor with the approval of the Secretary of State may appoint and one other member appointed to balance the nominated Virgin Islands unofficial member. The Legislative Council has concurrent legislative powers with the local legislatures on certain subjects specified in the Act, such as matters of property, mercantile and criminal law, the law relating to status, the maintenance of a general police force and a common convict establishment, quarantine, postal and telegraph affairs, currency, audit, weights and measures, education and the care of lunatics, all matters relating to immigration, copyright and patents, and its own constitution and procedure. Any island legislature is, in addition, competent to declare other matters to be within the competency of the general legislature. Any island enactment on such subjects is void if repugnant to an enactment of the general legislature, or may at any time be repealed or altered by one. The Council meets at least once a year, at a place notified by proclamation, and no Council lasts more than three years. The session usually lasts for about one week. The expenses of the federal establishments are voted by the Council, and apportioned among the Presidencies. The Council has power to alter its constitution by an ordinary Act, to be reserved for the King's pleasure, and the King has power, by Order in Council, at any time to include any other West Indian Island in the federation, upon joint addresses from the Legislative Body of such island, and from the Council, on such terms and conditions in each case as are in the addresses expressed. This power has not actually been exercised, and the inclusion in the Colony of Sombrero, which had no legislative body, was effected as above mentioned under a different Act. Constitutional changes involving the Electoral principle with unofficial majorities in the Presidential Councils came into being in 1937. Means of Communication. The following Steamship Lines serve the Colony : Canadian National Steamships (from Canada and Bermuda) and Ocean Dominion Line (from Canada) call fortnightly at the chief ports in the Colony, proceeding to Windward Islands, Barbados, Trinidad and British Guiana. Furness-Bermuda Line (Br.), Ocean Dominion Line (U.S.) and Caribbean Line about once every two weeks from New York and St. Thomas call at St. Kitts, Antigua, Montserrat and Dominica, proceeding to French West Indies, Windward Is., Barbados, Trinidad, etc. Passenger steamers to and from London (Harrison Line) proceed direct to Antigua every month. Passengers travelling between England and the Leeward Islands can travel direct between England and Barbados by the Elders & Fyffes Line, or Harrison Line, or the Royal Dutch West India Line, etc., and between Barbados and the Leeward Islands by Canadian National Steamships or by the Furness Bermuda Line. Passengers may also travel to or from England via New York or Canada by the Lines mentioned. An Air Mail service operated by Pan American Airways calls weekly at Antigua from Miami (U.S.A.) via Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo Porto Rico and St. Thomas, proceeding to St. Lucia, Trinidad, Georgetown (Br. Guiana) and Paramaribo (Dutch Guiana) and returns, also weekly, in the opposite direction. Air Mails are also conveyed by the Company to Jamaica, Central America and South America (see below). Posts and Telegraphs. Mails with Great Britain are exchanged via New York, occasionally via Barbados, and sometimes direct from Antigua, and direct with Canada, the United States and the British West Indies. Mails are also exchanged by Air with the places served by the Pan American Airways, and with Great Britain and Canada via Miami, U.S.A. d. per There are 45 Post Offices in the Colony and the rates of postage are as follows:Inland.-Letters, 1d. for the first 2 oz., additional 2 oz.; Post cards, id. British Empire, Egypt and Tangier.-Letters, 11d. for the first oz., 1d. per additional oz.; Post cards, 1d. Other places.-Letters, 24d. for the first oz., ltd. per additional oz ; Post cards, 1d. All places.-Printed matter, d. per 2 oz. ; "small packets," 5d. up to 10 oz.; 1d. for every additional 2 oz. Parcel post despatches are exchanged with Great Britain via Barbados, Canada and New York and direct with Canada, the United States and British West Indies, Bermuda, Br. Guiana, Guadeloupe and Dependencies and the Dutch West Indies, and via London or New York to other countries. British Imperial Postal Orders are issued and paid in the Colony and Money Orders are exchanged direct with Great Britain, Canada, the United States and British West Indian Colonies. Telephone Systems are maintained by the Government in Antigua, St. Kitts, Nevis, Dominica, and Montserrat. Telegraph communication is maintained by means of Wireless operated by Cable & Wireless (West Indies) Ltd., there being stations at Antigua, Dominica and St. Kitts, all of which communicate with one another and with Barbados for telegrams to the United Kingdom, Canada, North America, etc. There is also a wireless station in Montserrat maintained by the Colonial Government but operated by the Company. The principal tariffs are : There are also cheap rates at one half and one third of the ordinary tariff, the latter being subject to a minimum charge. The cable stations at Antigua, Dominica and St. Kitts are operated by the existing Wireless Company. General Statistics of the Leeward Islands. Total population, census 1921, 122, 242, being a decrease of 4,951 on that of 1911. Estimated total population on 31st Dec., 1937, 142,063. Year. Imports. Exports. Revenue. Expenditure. £ List of Governors of the Leeward Islands from 1885. 1885 Lord Gormanston, K. C.M.G. 1888 Sir W. F. Haynes Smith, K.C.M.G. 1895 Sir F. Fleming, K. C.M.G. 1901 Sir H. M. Jackson, K.C.M.G. 1902 Sir Gerald Strickland, K.C.M.G. 1904 Sir C. C. Knollys, K.C.M.G. 1906 Sir Bickham Sweet-Escott, K. C.M.G. 296,024 1912 Sir H. Hesketh Bell, K. C.M.G. 219,061 1916 Sir E. M. Merewether, K. C.M.G., K.C.V.O. 265,410 1921 Lt. Col. The Hon. Sir E. E. Fiennes, Bart. 1929 Sir Reginald St. Johnston, K.C.M.G. 1936 Sir Gordon J. Lethem, K.C.M.G. 328,305 324,815 261,805 259,309 The system of elementary education is denominational in Montserrat and the Virgin Islands, the various denominations being Anglicans, Wesleyans and Roman Catholics. In the other Presidencies elementary education is provided by the Government. On 31st December, 1937, there were 111 aided and Government schools in the Colony. The clergy of the various denominations are granted facilities for giving religious instruction during school hours to the children of their respective churches. During the year 1937, the Government grants to all the elementary schools in the Colony amounted to £20,000. School fees have now been abolished in all public elementary schools throughout the colony. The schools are required to receive all children applying for admission. Grants-in-aid are refused to superfluous or inefficient schools. In the 111 aided and Government schools there were enrolled on 31st Dec., 1937, 25,800 children, with a daily average attendance of 17,476. For secondary education there are Government grammar schools for boys in St. Kitts and Dominica, and one for boys and girls in Montserrat, private grammar schools for boys in Antigua and Dominica, private girls' high schools in Antigua and St. Kitts, and private mixed schools in Antigua, Nevis, St. Kitts (convent) and Dominica (convent). The standard of the secondary schools is the Cambridge School Certificate. There is a training college for female teachers in Antigua (under the control of the Moravian Church). W. J. R. Stebbings, O.B.E. General Legislative Council. The Governor, President. The Administrator of St. Kitts and Nevis. The Administrator of Dominica. The Attorney-General. The Commissioner Montserrat. The Commissioner of the Virgin Islands. Elected Members. Antigua-A. Moody Stuart, M.C. St. Kitts-Clement Malone. G. P. Boon. H. B. Henville. Dominica-R. E. A. Nicholls. H. D. Shillingford. Montserrat J. H. A. Meade. |