place instances of, ib.; questions of kinship discussed, 123 Genoa, Church of the Annunciata at, exviii. 84

his

Genseric (406-477), his capture and pillage of Rome, cxviii. 348 Gentz (Frederic von, 1764-1832), his political services to Germany, cxvii. 43; his genial nature, 44; his accessibility to gifts, ib.; early education, 47; his arrival at Berlin, 48; his reckless life there, 52; his literary crusade against Napoleonism, 57; his Fragments on the Balance of Power,' 58; compiles the Prussian War Manifesto against France, 60; summoned to Vienna, 65; a political fugitive, ib.; origin of his friendship with Metternich, 66; his share in the Congress of Vienna, 68; his intimacy with Fanny Elsler, 76

Genuine, distinguished from authentic, cxxxvii. 92

Geoffrey of Monmouth (12th century), his account of roads in ancient Britain, cxix. 347

materials of his History of British Kings,' cxxv. 249; his account of King Arthur, 250 Geographical Society, Royal, its stimulus to research, cxii. 296; value of the annual addresses, 297

Geography, its growing connexion

with geology, cxii. 296; Burke's definition of, 297; viewed as a physical science, 298; recent knowledge of, 301; limited researches of the ancients, 302; excellence of modern maps, 305; their value compared with globes, 306; pre-eminence of English research, 308; Polar explorations, 309-312; recent discoveries in India, 314; imperfect knowledge of Central Asia, 317; African explorations, 319-326

N

Geological Museum (London), origin and management of, cxxiii. 76 Geology, outline of the Silurian System, cxii. 88; fundamental gneiss' strata in Scotland, 89; ancient quartz-rocks, 91; Old Red Sandstone in Devonshire and Scotland, 97; reptilian remains, 99; Permian strata in different countries, 100; growing connexion of the science with geography,

296

analogies of existing causes applied to the past, cxviii. 258; Tertiary and Quaternary formations, 259; ancient fossil human remains, ib. post-tertiary beds, 265; the Post-Pliocene Age, 266; antiquity of raised beaches,' 289; prospects of extended study of Post-Pliocene and Recent deposits, 296; its connexion with the chronology of man, ib. (see Man and Lyell, Sir C.); the hypothesis of Uniformity in, 298; effects of force and time in, ib.; influence of changes of climate upon, 301

remains of pine-trees in geological strata, cxx. 347; difficulties in, suggested by the glacial period, 471

illustration of silt deposits, сххії. 439, 440

isolation of, from other sciences, cxxxi. 40; attacks of Sir W. Thomson, ib.; loose statements of geological time, 41; evidence of rock-strata thereon, 42; epochs cannot be measured by years, 43; theory of Catastrophism, ib. 44; the Uniformitarian theory of Hutton and Lyell, ib. ; Evolutionism, 46; caloric pressure in the earth, 49; Mr. Hopkins on precession and nutation, 50; thickness of the earth's crust, ib.; evidences of chemistry thereon, 51; classes of crystalline

rocks, ib.; theory of M. Durocher,
52; sedimentary layers of igneous
rocks, ib.; weakness of the Uni-
formitarian theory, 53 : bearings of
astronomical discoveries on, 54,63;
results of spectrum analysis, ib.;
elemental identity of heavenly
bodies, 63; the evolution theory
confirmed, 64

Geology, the Paleolithic age, cxxxii.

443; question of man's existence
therein, ib.; physical changes dur-
ing the Pleiocene period, 444;
consequent revolution in animal
life, 445; climate of the Quater-
nary period, 446; French idea of
a diluvial flood therein, 447; M.
Lartet's division of the Quater-
nary series, 455

recent controversy on globi-
gerina mud in the Atlantic, cxxxv.
470

the inter-glacial epoch,
cxxxix. 175, 177
George I. (1660-1727), his appear-
ance in old age, cxvi. 245
George III. (1738-1820), his hos-
tility to Catholic Emancipation,
cxii. 39; symptoms of madness
renewed, 41; his opinions on na-
tural scenery, 48; his dislike of
Fox, 49; and of Lord Grenville,

55

biographical materials for
history of his reign, cxiii. 361

auspicious period of his ac-
cession, cxv. 215; his first minis-
try, 217; his schemes of despotism,
219; his interference with the
India Bill, 226

circumstances at the outset
of his reign, cxviii. 535; his mode
of oblique despotism, 536; his
attempts thwarted by the Consti-
tution, ib.

by Mr. W. B. Donne, cxxvi. 1;
three periods of his reign, 2; his
affection for Lord North, 3; peace-
ful character of his first speech, 4;
his education, 5; ignorance of
English, ib.; influence of Lord
Bute, ib.; power of the Peerage,
6; his alleged proneness to in-
trigue and indolence, ib.; annoy-
ances from his ministers, 8; diffi-
culties of his position, 9; signing
of the peace, 13; repudiates inti-
macy with Bute, 16; grant for his
palace refused by Grenville, 19;
his later dislike of North, 24; his
ecclesiastical appointments, 28;
his love of hard work, 30; on the
contest between the House of
Commons and the City, 31; let-
ters respecting the American
colonies, 32-36 ; unfavourable
impression left by his Correspond-
ence, ib.; his theory of govern-
ment, ib.; popular estimates of his
character, 37; his personal cour-
age, ib.; his prejudices shared by
the nation, 38; his dislike of Pitt
in 1778, 41; his early attach-
ments, ib. (see Lightfoot, Hannah);
his seclusion and sufferings,
42

George III., atrocious treatment of,
when insane, cxxxi. 421

anecdotes of his madness, by
Lord Minto, cxxxix. 194
George IV. (1762-1830), his conduct
as Regent, cxv. 234

opposed to Sumner's appoint-
ment as Primate, cxxviii. 128

exix. 321

his Correspondence with Lord
North from 1768 to 1788, edited

appearance described by Samarow,
cxxxvii. 433; sketch of his family,
437

German Army, proposed strength of,
in 1867, cxxvi. 284 note. See
Prussian Army

German Coinage, want of gold cir-
culation, cxxiv. 395; 20-franc
gold-pieces proposed in 1865, ib.;
inconvenience of the Prussian
thaler, ib.

German Empire, the, title of 'Ger-
man Emperor,' cxxxiii. 459, 460;
assumed by King William of
Prussia, 461; his futile promise to
'restore' the Empire, 463; its
ancient character as a confederacy,
464; Treaty of Westphalia, 465;
French rights in, ib.; foreign alli-
ances of emperors, ib.; foreign
intervention invoked during civil
wars, 466; enmity of the House
of Brandenburg, 467; aggressive
designs imputed to Austria, ib.
470; ostensible championship of
Prussia, ib.; the new Empire com-
pared with the old, ib.; question
of Prussian domination, 471; the
old Empire extinct in 1806, ib. ;
effects of the War of Liberation,
472; rupture in 1866 at Frank-
fort, 473; defensive character of
the Bund, ib.; its destruction has
caused two wars, 474; recent
claims to Alsace and Lorraine,
479, 480; Imperial pretensions of
Prussia, 481; present constitution
of, according to sessional papers,
482; fusion between Northern
and Southern Germany accom-
plished, 483; the Diet regarded
as a future check on Prussia, 484;
dangers of military despotism, ib. ;
liberty and union looked for from
Republican, not Imperial institu-
tions, 485

German Empire, the, duties of, against
Russian encroachment, cxxxiv.

42

recent emigration from, in
consequence of the conscription,

cxl. 387

German literature, influence of Ger-
man scholarship on Biblical criti-
cism in England, exxi. 49
German Empire, revived study of early
national literature, cxxv. 224, 228

poverty of works of fiction
and comedy, cxxxvii. 423
German Opera, contest of, with the
Italian, cxxii. 403

Universities, Syllabus of
Entrance Examinations at, cxxvii.
154 See Universities, German
Germany, State archives of, cxvi.
178 sqq.; family feuds in the middle
ages, 181; system of political
reprisals, 183; sumptuary legisla-
tion in, 201; municipal ordinances
against shepherds, 203

co-operative societies in, cxx.
432; their distinctive character, ib,
titles of nobility in, cxxi 330,

331

objects of the Germanic Con-
federation, cxxiv. 279; the Diet
repudiated by Prussia, 28C; the
federal system attacked by Bis-
marck in 1866, 282; evils of Prus-
sian despotism, 283; suppression
of 'state-rights,' 284; dangers of
collision with France, 226; objec-
tions to a United Monarchy in, ib.;
question of resettlement after the
Austro-Prussian War, 293

early collections of customary
law in, cxxvi. 357; later efforts at
codification, 360

attempts in 1848 to regain
unity, cxxviii. 237; Prussian
leadership secured by Bismarck,
239; establishment of the North
German Confederation, ib.; exclu-
sion of Austria from the League,
240; preponderance of Prussia in
the North German Constitution,
241; dependence of the smaller
States, 242; evident tendencies to
unification, ib.; the first Customs
Parliament, 243; opposition of
Southern States, 244; want of

guarantees for civil rights in the
Constitution, 245; Herr Braun's
motion rejected, ib.; Prussian cha-
racter of the Constitution, 246;
importance of the negotiations at
Nickolsburg, 247; German States
incorporated by Prussia after 1866,
248; contemplated accession of
Southern States to the Union,
249; evil policy of Bismarck, 250
Germany, final exclusion of Austria

from, CXXX. 454; provisional
nature of the North German Con-
federation, ib.; prospects of the
Southern States since 1866, 455

unity in 1813 and 1870 com-
pared, cxxxii. 414; Prussian army
influence in, after the Danish War,
489; her independence established,
586 (see Franco-German War) ;
prospects of coercive service in, ib.;
future position of, in Europe, 587;
temptations to warlike policy, 588.
See German Empire

tenacity of national cha-
racter in, cxxxvi. 401

religious movement in,
cxxxvii. 529; works relating to,
ib.; conflict re-opened by Pius
IX., b.; attitude of the State,
530; position of Roman Catho-
lics, ib.; vast field for speculation,
ib.; religious and political ele-
ments of the movement, 531; the
Old Catholic body, ib.; speeches
at the Cologne Congress, ib. note;
results of the dogma of Infallibi-
lity, 532; anti-Romanist writings
of Döllinger, 533; former triumphs
of the Jesuits, 535; their meagre
system of education, ib.; Univer-
sity of Ingolstadt, ib.; influence

of French Catholicism of Port
Royal, 536; contagion of secular
elements from France, ib.; spirit
of territorial autonomy, 537; State
control in the last century stretched
against the Pope, 538; conduct of
Maria Theresa, ib.; treatise of

'Febronius,' 539; conference at
Coblence in 1769, 540; remon-
strances against Papal pretensions,
ib.; powers of Nuncios, 541; their
antagonism with diocesan bishops,
ib.; the Nuncio at Cologne, 542;
punctations of electors at Ems,
ib.; local autonomy of electors,
543; policy of Frederick the
Great, 544: the elector of
Mayence, 545; nomination of
Dalberg, ib.; conflict with the
Nuncios, 547; 'Memorials' of the
Assembly of 1788, ib.; Count
Jerome, Archbishop of Salzburg,
549; Bishop of Würzburg, 550;
Dalberg and Wissenberg, 552;
affairs in Bavaria, 556; the Con-
cordat, 558; John Michael Sailer,
559; movement of Martin Boos,
561; Dr. Hirscher, 564, 566;
Prince-Bishop Hohenlohe and
Silesia, ib.; Schimonsky, 567 ;
Count Sedlnitzky, 568; indigen-
ous opposition to Papal system,
ib. 569
Germany,relations of, with the Church
of Rome, cxxxix. 360; recent works
on Church and State, ib.; Roman
Catholic subjects in, 365; the Bull
De Salute Animarum, ib.; the
Catholic clergy after 1848, 367;
Papal Constitutions of 1864 and
1870, 370; abolition of the Catho-
lic department of the Ministry of
Public Worship, 372; resistance
to Papal pretensions, ib.; oppres-
sive nature of the Falk laws, 375,
377; the Royal Court for eccle-
siastical affairs, 379; protest of
clergy at Fulda, 380; State per-
secution of the Church, 381 (see
Bismarck, Prince); law on civil
marriage, 383 note

Geyser, the Great, eruptions of,

cxiii. 537; theory of the pheno-
mena, 544; early history of, 546
the New, description of, cxiii.

546

Geysers, mechanism of, cxxii. 452 Gheel (Belgium), colony of the insane at, cxxxi. 438, 443 Ghent, besieged by Philip of Burgundy, cxix. 537; tumult in, at the 'Joyous Entry' of Charles the Bold, 549; he restores the city's privileges, 550; their charter annulled by him, 559

Ghiberti (Lorenzo, 1381-1445), competes for the Gates of Florence, exxi. 535; his exquisite design, 537; heathenised Christian sculpture, 538; inferiority of his statues,

his controversy with Warburton, cxxii. 22 Gibbon (Edward), Landor s remark on his cynicism, cxxx. 246 Gibraltar, bishopric of, created, exviii. 566

Gibson (John, R. A., 1790-1866), Life

of, by Lady Eastlake, cxxxi. 392; his gentle and equable temper, 393; excessive love of antique models, ib.; his refined art, ib.; the 'Hunter,' his best work, 394; his theory of tinted statues right, ib.; his parentage and simple life, ib.; compared with Eastlake, 395

his 'Proportions of the Human Figure, according to the

Canon of Vitruvius,' cxl. 168; his mode of measurement, 184 Gill (Major), his photographs of Indian cave-temples, cxxii. 387; his benevolent life, 388

Gilray (James, d. 1815), his caricatures of Count Rumford at the Royal Institution, cxxxv. 335 Gioberti (Vincenzo, 1801-1852), his work 'La Riforma Cattolica,' cxiv. 237

Giotto (1276-1336), his exact imitation of nature, cxxii. 87; Boccaccio's estimate of, ib. 88; his frescoes at Assisi, 89; supposed visit to Avignon, 90; his frescoes at Padua and Florence, 91; designs the Campanile, 92; represents the Florentine school, ib.

universality of his genius, CXXXV. 131; his connexion with art at Padua, 141

Gipps' Land (Australia), its luxuriant fertility, cxvi. 11

Gipsies, colony of, at Yetholm, in Roxburghshire, cxii. 512

Giraffes, successful introduction of,

into Englazu, cxi. 179 Girardin (M. Émile de, b. 1802), his book on polyandry, cxv. 208

his strictures on French taxation, cxxxi. 373

(Madame Émile de), Bonstetten's description of, exix. 440

Gisborne (Mr.), his reports on the Darien canal scheme, cxv. 23 Gist, the word explained, cxxviii. 78 Glaciers theories of the motion of, exiii. 227, 230; their transporting power, 231; the theory of dilatation, ib.; disproved by Dr. Forbes, 234; the phenomenon of regelation, 236; their motion in winter, 242; theory of their liquefaction by pressure, 243; veined structure of glacier ice, 245