SEC. 22. And be it further enacted, That immediately after the valuations and enumerations shall have been completed as aforesaid, the assessor in each collection district shall, by advertisement in some public newspaper, if any there be in such district, and by written notifications, to be publicly posted up in at least four of the most public places in each collection district, advertise all persons concerned of the place where the said lists, valuations and enumerations may be seen and examined, and that, during twenty-five days after the publication of the notifications as aforesaid, appeals will be received and determined by him relative to any erroneous or excessive valuations or enumerations by the assessor. And it shall be the duty of the assessor in each collection district, during twenty-five days after the date of publication to be made as aforesaid, to submit the proceedings of the assistant assessors, and the list by them received or taken as aforesaid, to the inspection of any and all persons who shall apply for that purpose; and the said assessors are hereby authorized to receive, hear and determine, in a summary way, according to law and right, upon any and all appeals which may be exhibited against the proceedings of the said assessors: Provided always, That it shall be the duty of said assessor to advertise and attend, not less than two successive days of the said twenty-five, at the court-house of each county within his collection district, there to receive and determine upon the appeals aforesaid: And provided, also, That the question to be determined by the assessor, on an appeal respecting the valuation of property, shall be, whether the valuation complained of be or be not in a just relation or proportion to other valuations in the same collection district. And all appeals to the assessors as aforesaid shall be made in writing, and shall specify the particular cause, matter or thing respecting which a decision is requested, and shall, moreover, state the ground or principle of inequality or error complained of. And the assessor shall have power to re-examine and equalize the valuations as shall appear just and equitable; but no valuation shall be increased without a previous notice of at least five days, to the party interested, to appear and object to the same, if he judge proper, which notice shall be given by a note in writing, to be left at the dwelling-house of the party by such assessor or an assistant

assessor.

SEC. 23. And be it further enacted, That whenever a State, territory or the District of Columbia shall contain more than one collection district, the assessor shall have power, on examination of the lists rendered by the assistant assessors, according to the provisions of this act, to revise, adjust and equalize the valuation of lands and lots of ground, with their improvements and dwelling-houses, between such collection districts, by deducting from or adding to either such a rate per centum as shall appear just and equitable.

SEC. 24. And be it further enacted, That the assessors shall, immediately after the expiration of the time for hearing and deciding appeals, make out correct lists of the valuation and enumeration in each collection district, and deliver the same to the board of assessors hereinafter constituted in and for the States respectively. And it shall be the duty of the assessors in each State to convene in general meeting at such time and place as shall be appointed and directed by the Secretary of the Treasury. And the said assessors, or a majority of them, so convened, shall constitute, and they are hereby constituted, a board of assessors for the pur

poses of this act, and shall make and establish such rules and regulations as to them shall appear necessary for carrying such purposes into effect, not being inconsistent with this act or the laws of the United States.

SEC. 25. And be it further enacted, That the said board of assessors, convened and organized as aforesaid, shall and may appoint a suitable person or persons to be their clerk or clerks, but not more than one for each collection district, who shall hold his or their office or offices at the pleasure of said board of assessors, and whose duty it shall be to receive, record and preserve all tax lists, returns and other documents delivered and made to the said board of assessors, and who shall take an oath (or affirmation if conscientiously scrupulous of taking an oath) faithfully to discharge his or their trust; and in default of taking such oath or affirmation, previous to entering on the duties of such appointment, or on failure to perform any part of the duties enjoined on him or them respectively by this act, he or they shall respectively forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred dollars for the use of the United States, to be recovered in any court having competent jurisdiction, and shall also be removed from office.

SEC. 26. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the said clerks to record the proceedings of the said board of assessors, and to enter on the record the names of such of the assessors as shall attend any general meeting of the board of assessors for the purposes of this act. And if any assessor shall fail to attend such general meeting, his absence shall be noted on the said record, and he shall, for every day he may be absent therefrom, forfeit and pay the sum of ten dollars for the use of the United States. And if any assessor shall fail or neglect to furnish the said board of assessors with the lists of valuation and enumeration of each assessment district within his collection district within three days after the time appointed as aforesaid for such general meeting of the said board of assessors, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars for the use of the United States, and moreover shall forfeit his compensation as assessor. And it shall be the duty of the clerks of the said board of assessors to certify to the Secretary of the Treasury an extract of the minutes of the board, showing such failures or neglect, which shall be sufficient evidence of the forfeiture of such compensation to all intents and purposes: Provided, always, That it shall be in the power of the Secretary of the Treasury to exonerate such assessor or assessors from the forfeiture of the said compensation, in whole or in part, as to him shall appear just and equitable.

SEC. 27. And be it further enacted, That if the said board of assessors shall not, within three days after the first meeting thereof as aforesaid, be furnished with all the lists of valuation of the several counties and State districts of any State, they shall nevertheless proceed to make out the equalization and apportionment by this act directed, and they shall assign to such counties and State districts the valuation lists of which shall not have been furnished, such valuation as they shall deem just and right; and the valuation thus made to such counties and State districts by the board of assessors shall be final, and the proper quota of direct tax shall be and is hereby declared to be imposed thereon accordingly.

SEC. 28. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the said board of assessors diligently and carefully to consider and examine the said lists of valuation, and they shall have power to revise, adjust and

equalize the valuation of property in any county or State district, by adding thereto, or deducting therefrom, such a rate per centum as shall, under the valuation of the several counties and State districts, be just and equitable: Provided, That the relative valuation of property in the same county shall not be changed, unless manifest error or imperfection shall appear in any of the lists of valuation, in which case the said board of assessors shall have power to correct the same, as to them shall appear just and right. And if, in consequence of any revisal, change and alteration of the said valuation, any inequality shall be produced in the apportionment of the said direct tax to the several States as aforesaid, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to report the same to Congress, to the intent that provision may be made by law for rectifying such inequality.

SEC. 29. And be it further enacted, That as soon as the said board of assessors shall have completed the adjustment and equalization of the valuation aforesaid, they shall proceed to apportion to each county and State district its proper quota of direct tax. And the said board of assessors shall, within twenty days after the time appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury for their first meeting, complete the said apportionment, and shall record the same; they shall thereupon further deliver to each assessor a certificate of such apportionment, together with the several lists by the assessors respectively presented to the board as aforesaid, and transmit to the Secretary of the Treasury a certificate of the apportionment by them made as aforesaid; and the assessors, respectively, shall thereupon proceed to revise their respective lists, and alter and make the same in all respects conformable to the apportionment aforesaid by the said board of assessors; and the said assessors, respectively, shall make out lists containing the sums payable according to the provisions of this act upon every object of taxation in and for each collection district; which lists shall contain the name of each person residing within the said district, owning or having the care or superintendence of property lying within the said district which is liable to the said tax, when such person or persons are known, together with the sums payable by each; and where there is any property within any collection district liable to the payment of the said tax, not owned or occupied by or under the superintendence of any person resident therein, there shall be a separate list of such property, specifying the sum payable, and the names of the respective proprietors, where known. And the said assessors shall furnish to the collectors of the several collection districts, respectively, within thirty-five days after the apportionment is completed as aforesaid, a certified copy of such list or lists for their proper collection districts, and in default of performance of the duties enjoined on the board of assessors and assessors respectively, by this section, they shall severally and individually forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars to the use of the United States, to be recovered in any court having competent jurisdiction. And it is hereby enacted and declared, that the valuation, assessment, equalization and apportionment made by the said board of assessors as aforesaid, shall be and remain in full force and operation for laying, levying and collecting, yearly and every year, the annual direct tax by this act laid and imposed, until altered, modified or abolished by law.

SEC. 30. And be it further enacted, That there shall be allowed and

paid to the several assessors and assistant assessors, for their services under this act to each assessor two dollars per day for every day employed in making the necessary arrangements and giving the necessary instructions to the assistant assessors for the valuation, and three dollars per day for every day employed in hearing appeals, revising valuations, and making out lists agreeably to the provisions of this act, and one dollar for every hundred taxable persons contained in the tax list, as delivered by him to said board of assessors; to each assistant assessor two dollars for every day actually employed in collecting lists and making valuations, the number of days necessary for that purpose to be certified by the assessor and approved by the commissioner of taxes, and one dollar for every hundred taxable persons contained in the tax lists, as completed and delivered by him to the assessor; to each of the assessors constituting the board of assessors as aforesaid, for every day's actual attendance at said board, the sum of three dollars, and for travelling to and from the place designated by the Secretary of the Treasury ten cents for each mile, by the most direct and usual route; and to each of the clerks of said board two dollars for every day's actual attendance thereon. And the said board of assessors, and said assessors, respectively, shall be allowed their necessary and reasonable charges for stationery and blank books used in the execution of their duties; and the compensation herein specified shall be in full for all expenses not otherwise particularly authorized, and shall be paid at the Treasury, and such amount as shall be required for such payment is hereby appropriated.

SEC. 31. And be it further enacted, That each collector, on receiving a list as aforesaid, from the said assessors, respectively, shall subscribe three receipts; one of which shall be given on a full and correct copy of such list, which list shall be delivered by him to, and shall remain with, the assessor of his collection district, and shall be open to the inspection of any person who may apply to inspect the same; and the other two receipts shall be given on aggregate statements of the lists aforesaid, exhibiting the gross amount of taxes to be collected in each county or State district contained in the collection district, one of which aggregate statements and receipts shall be transmitted to the Secretary, and the other to the First Comptroller of the Treasury.

SEC. 32. And be it further enacted, That each collector, before receiving any list as aforesaid, for collection, shall give bond, with one or more good and sufficient sureties, to be approved by the Solicitor of the Treasury, in the amount of the taxes assessed in the collection district for which he has been or may be appointed; which bond shall be payable to the United States, with condition for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office according to law, and particularly for the due collection and payment of all moneys assessed upon such district, and the said bond shall be transmitted to the Solicitor of the Treasury, and, after approval by him, shall be deposited in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury: Provided, always, That nothing herein contained shall be deemed to annul or in any wise to impair the obligation of the bond heretofore given by any collector; but the same shall be and remain in full force and virtue, any thing in this act to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

SEC. 33. And be it further enacted, That the annual amount of the taxes so assessed shall be and remain a lien upon all lands and other real

estate of the individuals who may be assessed for the same, during two years after the time it shall annually become due and payable; and the said lien shall extend to each and every part of all tracts or lots of land or dwelling-houses, notwithstanding the same may have been divided or alienated in part.

SEC. 34. And be it further enacted, That each collector shall be authorized to appoint, by an instrument of writing under his hand and seal, as many deputies as he may think proper, to be by him compensated for their services, and also to revoke the powers of any deputy, giving public notice thereof in that portion of the district assigned to such deputy; and each such deputy shall have the like authority, in every respect, to collect the direct tax so assessed within the portion of the district assigned to him which is by this act vested in the collector himself; but each collector shall, in every respect, be responsible both to the United States and to individuals, as the case may be, for all moneys collected, and for every act done as deputy collector by any of his deputies whilst acting as such: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent any collector from collecting himself the whole or any part of the tax so assessed and payable in his district.

SEC. 35. And be it further enacted, That each of the said collectors shall, within ten days after receiving his collection list from the assessors, respectively as aforesaid, and annually, within ten days after he shall be so required by the Secretary of the Treasury, advertise in one newspaper printed in his collection district, if any there be, and by notifications to be posted up in at least four public places in his collection district, that the said tax has become due and payable, and state the times and places at which he or they will attend to receive the same, which shall be within twenty days after such notification; and with respect to persons who shall not attend according to such notifications, it shall be the duty of each collector, in person or by deputy, to apply once at their respective dwellings within such district, and there demand the taxes payable by such persons, which application shall be made within sixty days after the receipt of the collection lists as aforesaid, or after the receipt of the requisition of the Secretary of the Treasury as aforesaid, by the collectors; and if the said taxes shall not be then paid, or within twenty days thereafter, it shall be lawful for such collector, or his deputies, to proceed to collect the said taxes by distraint and sale of the goods, chattels or effects of the persons delinquent as aforesaid. And in case of such distraint, it shall be the duty of the officer charged with the collection to make, or cause to be made, an account of the goods or chattels which may be distrained, a copy of which, signed by the officer making such distraint, shall be left with the owner or possessor of such goods, chattels or effects, or at his or her dwelling, with some person of suitable age and discretion, with a note of the sum demanded, and the time and place of sale; and the said officer shall forthwith cause a notification to be publicly posted up at two of the taverns nearest to the residence of the person whose property shall be distrained, or at the court-house of the same county, if not more than ten miles distant, which notice shall specify the articles distrained, and the time and place for the sale thereof, which time shall not be less than ten days from the date of such notification, and the place proposed for sale not more than five miles distant from the place of making such distraint: Provided, That in any case of distraint for the payment of the tax afore