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First fruits, the green ear, and the yellow fheaf,
Uncull'd, as came to hand; a fhepherd next
More meek came with the firstlings of his flock
Choiceft and beft; then facrificing, laid

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The inwards and their fat, with incenfe ftrow'd,
On the cleft wood, and all due rites perform'd. 440
His offering foon propitious fire from Heaven
Confum'd with nimble glance, and grateful steam;
The other's not, for his was not fincere;
Whereat he inly rag'd, and as they talk'd,
Smote him into the midriff with a stone
That beat out life; he fell, and deadly pale
Groan'd out his foul with gushing blood effus'd.
Much at that fight was Adam in his heart.

them offer both upon the fame altar, for the word brought in Scripture (which Milton likewife retains) is understood of their bringing their offerings to fome common place of worship: and this altar he makes of turf, of graffy ford, as the first altars are represented to be, and describes the facrifice fomewhat in the manner of Homer. The Scripture fays only that the Lord had refpect unto Abel, and to his offering; but unto Cain and to his offering he had not refpect: The poet makes this refpect unto Abel's offering to be a fire from Heaven confuming it; and herein he is juftified by the authority of the

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Dif

beft commentators Jewish and Chriftian; and there are several instances of fuch acceptance in Scripture. Cain's was not fo accepted, for (fays the poet) his was not fincere. And Cain was very wroth- And Cain talked with Abel his brother, and it came to pass when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and flew him. The poet makes Cain to smite him into the midriff or diaphragm, a nervous muscle feparating the breaft from the belly, with a fione, fuppofing it the most natural and the most ready inftrument at hand, and fo Cowley, David. I. and in his note 16: but how

Dismay'd, and thus in hafte to th' Angel cry'd.

O Teacher, fome great mischief hath befall'n 450 To that meek man, who well had facrific'd; Is piety thus and pure devotion paid?

T'whom Michael thus, he alfo mov'd, reply'd. These two are brethren, Adam, and to come Out of thy loins; th' unjuft the juft hath flain, 455 For envy that his brother's offering found From Heav'n acceptance; but the bloody fact Will be aveng'd, and th' other's faith approv'd Lose no reward, though here thou see him die, Rolling in duft and gore. To which our fire. 460 Alas, both for the deed and for the cause! But have I now feen Death? Is this the way

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Hebrews, who bears this teftimony to it, XI. 4. By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent facrifice nefs, that he was righteous, God than Cain, by which he obtained witteftifying of his gifts; and by it he being dead, yet fpeaketh.

462. But have 1 now feen Death? Is this the way &c.] Our author, in making Adam fo ignorant of what death was and the way to it, feems to have forgot what he had put in the mouth of Eve in the preceding book, ver, 1001.

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I must return to native duft? O fight
Of terror, foul and ugly to behold,

Horrid to think, how horrible to feel!

46.5

To whom thus Michaël. Death thou haft feen

In his first fhape on man; but many hopes
Of Death, and many are the ways that lead
To his grim cave, all difmal; yet to fenfe
More terrible at th' entrance than within.
Some, as thou faw'ft, by violent ftroke fhall die,
By fire, flood, famin, by intemp'rance more

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In meats and drinks, which on the earth shall bring Diseases dire, of which a monftrous crew

Before thee fhall appear; that thou mayst know 475 What misery th' inabftinence of Eve

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mille ad hanc aditus patent.

477-Immediately a place &c. F The fecond vifion fets before him the image of death in a great variety of appearances. The Angel, to give him a general idea of thofe effects which his guilt had brought upon his pofterity, places before him a large hofpital or lazar-house, fill'd with perfons lying under all kinds. of mortal difeafes. How finely has the poet told us that the fick perfons languifh'd under lingring and incurable distempers, by an apt and judicious ufe of fuch imaginary beings as thofe F mention'd in my laft paper!

Shall bring on men. Immediately a place
Before his eyes appear'd, fad, noifome, dark,
A lazar-house it feem'd, wherein were laid
Numbers of all difeas'd, all maladies
Of ghaftly fpafm, or racking torture, qualms
Of heart-fick agony, all feverous kinds,
Convulfions, epilepfies, fierce catarrhs,

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Inteftin stone and ulcer, colic pangs,
Demoniac phrenzy, moaping melancholy,

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And moon-struck madness, pining atrophy,

Marasmus, and wide-wafting peftilence,

Dropfies, and afthma's, and joint-racking rheums, Dire was the toffing, deep the groans; Despair Tended the fick bufieft from couch to couch; 490 And

paper! The paffion, which likewife rifes in Adam on this occafion, is very natural. The discourse between the Angel and Adam which follows,

abounds with noble morals.

Addifon.

487. Marafmus,] The word is Greek, and it fignifies a kind of confumption, accompanied with a fever wafting the body by degrees; but we should obferve that these verses,

Demoniac phrenzy, moaping me-
lancholy,
And moon-ftruck madness, pining
atrophy,

Marafmus, and wide-wasting pesti. lence,

were not in the first, but were added by the author in the fecond edition, to fwell the horror of the defcription. Dr. Bentley is for ftriking them out again, but Mr. Pope fays they are three admirable lines.

489. Dire was the toffing, deep the

groans; Defpair &c.] This is entirely in the picturesque manner of Spenfer, and feems to allude particularly to that beautiful paffage, where defcribing the way to Plato's grify reign, he reprefents Pain, Strife, Revenge, &c. as fo many perfons

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And over them triumphant Death his dart
Shook, but delay'd to strike, though oft invok'd
With vows, as their chief good, and final hope.
Sight fo deform what heart of rock could long
Dry-ey'd behold? Adam could not, but wept, 495
Though not of woman born; compaffion quell'd
His best of man, and gave him up to tears
A space, till firmer thoughts reftrain'd excefs;
And scarce recovering words his plaint renew'd.
O miferable mankind, to what fall
Degraded, to what wretched ftate reserv'd!
Better end here unborn. Why is life given
To be thus wrefted from us? rather why
Obtruded on us thus? who if we knew

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And over them triumphant Death his dart

Shook, but delay'd to strike. it is excellently exprefs'd with the As the image is wonderfully fine, fo paufe upon the first fyllable of the verfe, hook. One thinks one almost fees the dart fhaking. How much better is this than Virgil's Æn. XI. 767.

et certam quatit improbus hattam!

If the line was to be alter'd, as thus, And o'er them Death triumphant fhook his dart,

much

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