increase, but there the withering influence of the despot retards its extended cultivation, though the spirited, energetic and successful enterprise of MEHEMET Ali is an example deserving the imitation of better men. He introduced that agricultural industry into his vice-royalty, and founded a fountain of wealth whence flow millions of annual income to the advantage of Egypt. For all the finer, higher and better classes of cotton, from New-Orleans, Brazil and Egypt, to the most beautiful Sea Island, Queensland, in Australia, might quickly afford all requisite supplies. That territory alone, besides sustaining the population of Europe, could easily be made to produce all the cotton now consumed in the world; but so sweeping a change and enlarged production need not be deliberated upon, the facts being only referred to as illustrating the powers of that colony. In seeking from the government the development of the resources of the colonies, the two-fold advantage would arise of which that power would financially be greatly benefited, alike at home and in the colonies. Government must set its colonial house in order. Land grants for beneficial purposes should be free, facilities afforded for emigration, public works promoted, and prosperity will follow in the train. Capitalists, merchants and manufacturers, whose investments are largely embarked in the cotton trade, have duties devolving upon them. These bodies are known to have large investments in foreign railways, in the cultivation of sugar and other products, and in many dubious securities; but in the cultivation of the staple raw material of their own pursuits they have not ventured to embark. Last year the cotton trade contributed to capital and labor fifty million pounds sterling, and in the last fifty years the aggregate reward has been one thousand millions. Surely from these treasures might be spared some pittance of capital to free the negro, and to insure still greater prosperity to industry. Supposing the government of our country to be willing to make all the preliminary arrangements which will contribute to the security and profit of capital invested in cotton growing, the clear duty of the class referred to will be to enter upon investments with no niggard hand; and, for their encouragement, it may be mentioned that very recently an extensive Louisiana cotton planter has asserted that he could grow cotton at 3d. per lb. which is now worth 9d. per lb. in Liverpool, and he has had to buy his laborers, and afterwards to sustain them. The confessed profit is 200 per cent., but, in all sobriety of judgment, cotton growing would afford 100 per cent of recompense. Here, then, the governing, the capitalist, the mercantile and the manufacturing classes have duties in common to perform, and from which none of them should withhold their willing help. Upon this subject the warning voice has been long and often heard, and the present embarrassment in cotton supplies has been anticipated. Having, therefore, been forewarned, may this great and world-benefiting industry be forearmed. course ANNUAL REPORT ON BREAD STUFF 8. we copy The export of breadstuffs, domestic as well as foreign, is one of the first importance to this country; it is especially so to the city and State of New-York in the present condition of the financial and commercial affairs of the nation. From the port of New-York alone were exported to foreign countries, in the single month of August, 1861, (being the close of the cereal year,) no less than 297,000 barrels of flour, 2,389,000 bushels of wheat and 2,338,000 bushels of Indian corn, valued at over six millions of dollars. In order to present this subject to our readers in its full breadth, from the annual circular of Mr. EDWARD Bill the following tabular statement of the export of breadstuffs, from this and other ports, to Great Britain and Ireland, for the past year, compared with fourteen former years, viz., 1846–1860 : EXPORT OF BREADSTUFFS TO GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1860, TO SEPTEMBER 1, 1861. Bushels Corn. New-York, 1,775,338 3,266 .. 20,541,073 .. 8,653,569 New-Orleans, 179,427 996 66,767 1,464,267 Philadelphia, 192,175 1,593,416 704,447 Baltimore, 127,031 48 969,084 853,200 Boston, 126,846 106 13,032 14,100 Other ports, 160,844 2,369,998 15,451 One year to Sept. 1, 1861,. 2,561,661 4,416 25,553,370 11,705,034 1860, 717,156 944 ,. 4,938,714 2,221,857 1859, 106,457 58 439,010 342,013 1858, 1,295,430 143 6,555,643 3,317,802 1857, 849,600 685 7,479,401 4,746,278 1856, 1,641,265 6,816 7,956,406 6,731,161 1855,. 176,209 4,768 324,427 6,679,138 1854, 1,846,920 41,726 6,038,003 6,049,371 1853, 1,600,449 100 4,823,519 1,425,278 1852, 1,427,442 1,680 2,728,442 1,487,398 1851,. 1,559,584 5,620 1,496,355 2,205,601 1850, 574,757. 6,411 461,276 .. 4,753,358 1849,. 1,137,556 .. 82,900.. 1,140,194 12,685,260 1848, 182,583 108,534 .. 241,309 4,390,226 1847,.... 3,155,845 .. 844,187 .. 4,000,359 17,157,659 06 << .. Total for fifteen years.......18,831,914 .. 1,108,988 .. 74,176,428 .. 85,897,434 Bushels Barrels Rye. One year to Sept. 1, 1861,.... 142,129 3,452,496 101,145 . 347,258 1860, 49,243 178,031 19,358 4,972 308,428 35,569 66 Total for seven years, ......1,785,375 9,569,504 1,296,971 2,587,267 From CANADA TO GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, via St. LAWRENCE, Barrels Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels Barrels Flour. Wheat. Corn. Peas. Qats. Oatm'l. Jan. 1 to Aug. 22, 1861,....369,648 3,221,277 134,196 1,236,218 289,273 17,929 In order to show the breadstuffs trade of this port alone, as indicated by its foreign exports, we extract from the New-York Shipping List the following elaborate monthly table of exports of breadstuffs to all foreign ports from New-York city, from Sept. 1 to Aug. 81, for the following years : FL OUR - B bls. Мохтия. . 1860-61. 1859-60. 1858-59. 1857-58. 1856-57. 1855-56. 1854-55. 1853-54. 1802-33. 1851-52. 1850-51. 1849-50. Export of WREAT-Bushels-from New York, MONTUS. 1860-61. 1859-60. 1858-59. 1857-58. 1856-57. 1855-56. 1854-55. 1858-54. 1852-58. 1851-52. 1850-51. 1849-50. 197,482 ,218 September, 251,688 79,422 92,851 80,776 103,202 94,805 111,471 89,411 217,754 24,302 85,052 32,580 125,246 68,294 122,836 84,889 215,084 74,575 Total, 2,728,012 1,466,250 762, 759 1,547,794 1,402,850 1,548,715 1,261,952 1,453,574 September, Total, 182,890 9,787 600 64,226 2,228,924 832,169 50,196 999,843 175,878 620,622 405, 680 1,099,029 75,092 277,583 947,569 79,159 910,765 16,953 930,528 551,883 204,864 88,819 82,044 206,986 27,283 40,693 986 9,026 11,640 100 487,289 8,696,876 7,772,495 255,849 7,622,988 4,669,844 1,270,960 874,898 FOREIGN EXPORTS OF Flour, WHEAT AND CORN, FOR THE YEAR ENDING August 31, 1861, FROM THE PORT OF NEW-YORK. CoEN. Average Total Average Total price. value. price. value. price. value. Sept., 1860,.. 251,688 $5 85 $ 1,472,374 2,228,924 $1 80 * 2,897,601 189,726 68 c. $ 128,014 Oct., 270,892 5 75 1,557,629 2,600,226 1 22 8,172,275 260,098 66 171,665 Nov., 228,678 5 70 1,303,465 2,472,162 1 28 8,164,867 699,531 70 419,672 Dec., 187,565 5 25 984,716 2,027,145 1 15 2,331,217 851,870 66 511,122 Jan., 1861,.. 168,959 5 70 963,066 882,169 1 26 1,048,583 618,261 72 441,548 Feb., 186,868 1,046,461 1,060,995 1 26 1,886,853 608,751 70 422,626 171,539 5 50 943,464 972,688 1 25 1,215,860 789,664 68 536,971 April, 211,140 5 60 1,182,384 999,843 1 28 1,279,799 1,057,004 70 789,903 May, 200,068 5 50 1,100,004 1,729,108 1 25 2,161,385 799,151 68 543,423 June, 271,593 6 50 1,493,761 8,577,243 4,292,692 768,968 67 488,312 July, 281,779 4 50 1,268,006 2,968,999 1 00 2,968,999 897,276 54 214,529 297,243 4 75 1,411,904 2,389,645 1 00 2,889,645 2,838,429 48 1,122, 446 12 months,..2,728,012 $ 14,727,284 28,859,147 $ 28,259,226 9,268,729 $ 5,690,281 5 60 March, " 1 20 Aug., I. THE BRITISH HARVEST. II. THE IMpoRTANCE of A Good HARVEST. III. GUANo DiscovKRIE8. IV. FLAx CULTURE. THE latest accounts received, with respect to the harvest, are not satisfactory. The wheat crop is deficient in the number of sheaves, and the weight, after threshing, is inferior to that of a fair average crop. Many fields of wheat are injured by rust, and in other places the corn on the ground has heated. The farmers who cut their wheat before it arrived at maturity have suffered least. These unfavorable accounts have produced an effect on the Paris flour-market, and sellers are now slow in presenting themselves. Even bakers have consented to pay one franc the sack more than in the preceding week. The cost of British imports of grain of all kinds, as well as flour for the last seven years, were, in the year 1854,....# 21,760,283 ... 1856, . . . .4, 23,039,422 ... 1858, . . . .4220,152,641 1855, .... 17,508,700 ... 1857,.... 19,380,567 ... 1859, .... 18,042,033 making a total in six years of £119,833,676, and an annual average of £19,980,613, paid for foreign grain and flour, while in the year 1860 the cost amounted to the enormous sum of £31,671,918, mainly owing to the bad harvest in England; but these figures do not represent, by any means, the full extent to which we are still subjected by the harvest of 1860. They only show what a large sum of money we have paid; but the payments in that year were not near so heavy as they have been since. The official information, brought down to the end of April, makes the value of the grain and flour imported in the first four months of 1859, £4,384,045; 1860, £3,913,001, and 1861, £12,435,435, by which it will be seen that we have been paying for the first four months of the current year at the rate of £37,306,305 per annum, or £8,522,434 more for breadstuffs than in the same period of 1860.-London Times, Aug., 1861. By accounts recently received from Sydney, it appears that the guano, discovered some time since on Flat Island, in Port Philip Bay, is now in much use, the difference of price between this guano and that imported from the Chineha and other islands on the coast of Peru o very considerable, the former being five guineas per ton, while the latter commands from £15 to £16. Experienced navigators aver that large de |
