January I and December 31, 10c in gold=18d. per r.t. Pilotage. Pilotage is not compulsory, but vessels arriving with cargo generally engage a pilot. For rates see Valparaiso. Towage. For ships loaded giving them offing: 150 to 1,000 tons reg. I 10s to £5, over 1,000 tons reg. conventional; ships in ballast 150 to 1,000 tons reg. 1 to £4 10s, over 1,000 tons conventional; taking ships from moorings to single anchorage 150 to 1,500 tons 12 to 2 10s, over 1,000 tons from £5 ships in ballast to sea to £8 for not over 1,500 tons reg., and £11 for not over 2,000 tons reg.; loaded to sea, not over 1,000 tons reg. £6, not over 1,500 tons reg. £10, and not over 2,000 tons reg. £13; towage in to moorings from £2 10s to £5 10s according to tonnage. Good railway communications. Officials. Intendente, Don Alejandro Fierro; Port Captain and Maritime Governor, M. A. Estuardo, Chilian Navy; H.B.M.'s Vice-Consul, J. Barnett; Lloyd's Agents, Barnett & Co.

ANTWERP, Belgium. Lat. 51° 13′ N; long. 4° 24' E. Pop. 353,584. THW. 4h 25m; sp. rise 15ft. Auth. Municipal Town Council. Tr.-I. Cotton, sugar, coffee, hides, grain, wool, indigo, dye-woods, spices, guano, tobacco, petroleum, indiarubber, cattle, sheep, horses, china clay, ivory, seeds, and timber; E. Coal, railway, bar and other iron, arms of various kinds, glass, flax, grain, marble, machinery, matches, cutlery, bricks, fruit, and manufactured goods. Accn. Total water surface of the docks about 170 acres, length of quays in river, 6,000yds; including dock and riverside, 20,950yds. Width of actual gates, 78ft. Vessels of from 28ft to 30ft dft. can moor alongside the new quays. In the nine new docks about 27ft;

in the two old docks about 19ft 6in. Docks in construction, 69 acres; 3,300yds quays. Graving docks, &c. : Six dry docks belonging to the town, and four private dry docks; length of largest, 506ft. New floating dock 492ft by 73ft 9in. Antwerp is the chief port of Belgium. Coal tip. 240 cranes 1 to 20 tons, and shear legs 120 tons. Charges. Discharging and loading from 3d to 1/ according to cargo; there are also stevedores' charges. Port charges for steamers, 50 c per ton reg. net. Light and beacon dues abolished. Pilotage. Minimum 9ft 8in dft :—

Towage. 1/ per ton reg. from Flushing to Antwerp docking and back to Flushing by the amalgamated Companies. Small vessels can be towed both ways for £8 or £10, by the opposition Company

disposing of 7 small tugs.

Officials. II.B.M.'s Consul-General, Edward Cecil Hertslet; Vice-Consul, W. Lydcotte; Second Vice-Consul, R. H. Cox. Brokers. Emile F. Brahm & Co., Louis T. Van Den Broeck & Fils, H. J. Vermeulen & Co.

APALACHICOLA, Florida. Lat. 29° 35′ 3′′ N; long. 84° 58' 29" W. Pop. 4,500 Tr.--E. Hewn and sawn timber. Accn. Vessels drawing over 8ft do not come up to Apalachicola, but anchor in Dog Island Cove, 25 miles away. West Pass has only 13ft of water on bar; East Pass Bar is now claimed to have 20 to 22ft at med, tide. Vessels drawing 19ft have passed over East Pass Bar. Good anchorage. No quays. Vessels discharge and load by lighters. Charges. Tonnage dues, 3c or 6c per reg. ton, except where exemptions are made. No tonnage dues exacted from vessels entering froin Aspinwall, San Juan del Norte, Panama, Ontario, Canada, Montserrat, Trinidad, Boca del Tora, Mayaguez, and other places named by the U.S. Harb. dues: Vessels drawing Io't, I os 1od; each extra ft 4/2. Custom house dues about

£2 Is 8d. Pilotage. Under 6ft, $2 per ft; 6 to 1oft, $3 per ft: 10 to 14ft, $4 per ft; 14 to 20ft, $5 per fr. Towage is a matter of arrangement and very low rate. Officials. Collector of Customs, Tip Warren; President Board of Trade and Lloyd's Agent, J. E. Grady; British Vice-Consul, T. F. Porter.

APENRADE, Germany. Lat. 55° 2′ 57′′ N ; long. 9° 26' 38" E. Tr.-I. Timber, coal, corn, fodder, and manure. E. Unimportant. Accn. The north harb. is alongside the quay, with 18ft. The south harb., in progress, at present only 11ft alongside the landing stages, intended to dredge to 17ft. Alongside the quays run the Royal State and County Railways, so that vessels can unload directly into trucks. Charges. Fresh water at the quay, 1/6 ton. Pilotage. Three Government pilots, charges per tariff. Tugs by arrangement. There is every facility here for heaving down and repairing wooden ships; good slips. Official. Harb. Master, R. Nieref.

APIA, Upolu Island, Samoan Group. Lat. 13° 49′ 44′′ S. ; long. 171° 44′ W. THW. f. and c. 6h 28m. Anchorage in 5 to 7 fathoms, sand and mud bottom, for vessels of large size. Cannot sail to anchorage in SE. or SSE. winds. Sp. rise 4ft. No quays or berths. Good leading lights. Charges. Loading and discharging $1.75 per ton; water I c. per gallon; ballast $1.50 Pilotage. In, $1 ft dft., and $1 per 100 tons reg. ; out, $1 per ft. dft. per ton. Officials. Harb. Master and Pilot, O. Robeck; Acting Br. Vice Consul, J. Trood.

ARACAJU, Brazil.-Lat. 10° 58′ S; lung. 35 W. On river Continguiba. Bar 11 to 15ft. Tug for clossing Auchwap outside in 35 to 40ft. Pilotage - t.. in, 2/- out. Official. British Vice-Consul, T. Ferraz

ARCHANGEL, Russia. Lat. 64° 33' N; long. 40° 33' E. Pop. 20,000. THW, Varies. About th later each day. Sp. rise 2ft. Tr.-I. Coal, salt, fish, hardware, machinery; E. Sawn timber, oats, rye, linseed, linseed cakes, wheat, deals, flax, tow, mats, oil, pitch, train oil, turpentine, tar, and grain from Siberia. Accn. The channel has a depth of 19ft, and there are 21ft of water on the bar. Vessels drawing up to 18ft must cross bar and shoal in two tides; vessels of 17ft and

less may enter in one tide. Dredging continually all summer. Navigation open from end May to about October 20 (i.e. first steamer arrives about end May and last steamers leave about October 20-30). Post to England 7 days. Government dry dock, largest vessel admitted, 287 by 40 by 13ft, basin 252 by 12 to 15 ft. dit for small craft. Rlys. Archangel- Moscow, one train per day each way; Perm (n connection with Siberian Rly.), Viatka, Kot ass on this river, Northern Dwina. Charges. Tonnage dues, 20 copecks per reg. ton; address com. 55 copecks per ton; local exchange for freight advance 2% higher than St. Petersburg. Customs most strict about declaration of goods, stores, &c., landing without permit, or concealment. Sailing vessels discharging solid ballast, 43 copecks per ton. Ships can now clear inwardly and outwardly at the port Customs-house of Solombola, instead of this port as before. Pilotage is obligatory, 6 copecks per reg. ton in, and 6 copecks out. Towage. 48 to 100 roubles from port to sea, ships and steamers. Lighterage. Deals, 4 roubles per standard; oats, 2. 10 roubles; linseed, rye and wheat, 1.80 roubles per ton; tar, 30 copecks per barrel. Stowage. Flax 2 roubles 20 copecks per ton; tow and codilla, 3 roubles 80 copecks per ton; tar, 6 copecks per barrel; pitch, 7 copecks per barrel; deals, I rouble 20 copecks per standard; oats 2.50 roubles. linseed, rye and wheat 2.70 roubles per 1,coo pouds. Customs of this and all White Sea ports are regulated by a so-called "Merchants' Convention," which shipmasters had better ask for. By this, as lately amended, a sufficient day's work for loading is as follows: grain or seed 1,000 qrs, flax 60 tons, deals and battens 20 stds, boards 15 stds, ditto under Iin 12 stds, hard ends 10 stds, per workable hatch, pitch 800 casks, tar 600 barrels. Officials. Governor, His Ex. Nicholas Georgevitch von Bünting: Chief of Commercial Port, River Police, &c, Count A. Tolstoy ; Director of Lighthouses and Pilots of the White Sea, Colonel Wassilieff; Director of Customs, His Ex. S. A. Kobilin ; H.B. M.'s Vice-Consul, Sir Capel Wolseley, Bart.; Lloyd's Agent and British Pro-Consul, Bruno Paetz; Shipchandlers and Stevedores, J. Schmidt, A. Anderson; salvage steamers, J. Schmidt; Chief of Harb. Works, S. W. Kirpitchnikoff.

ARECIBO, Porto Rico. Lat. 18° 30′ N; long, 66° 37′ W. Tr.-I. Cotton goods; E. Sugar and West India produce. Harbour inside reef, dth. 20 to 24ft. Official. H.B.M.'s Vice-Consul, D. Wilson. ARENDAL, Norway. Lat. 58° 27′ 30′′ N ; long. 8° 47′ 29′′ E. Pop. 4,500. Tr.-E. Timber pulp, sawn wood, small quantities of copper, iron, and lobsters. Accn. The harb. has from 8 to 20 fms of water. Depth about 87ft. Great facilities for coaling steamers of any size; coals cheap. Charges. Dues 6d per ton reg., when loaded in ballast, no charge. Pilotage. From 20 to 90 kroner (18 kr. £1) according to size. Towage. Charges moderate; tow boats always ready. Official. H. B. M.'s Vice-Consul and Lloyd's Agent, Morten Kallevig.

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ARENSBURG, Russia. Lat 58° 75 N; long. 22° 17′ E. (On Is. of Oesel.) Pop. 4,500. Tr.-I. Salt, coal; E. Grain, wood, butter, cheese, cattle, horses, copper, &c. Accn. Good anchorage. Large ships load and discharge in 24ft.. 5 miles from town. Charges. On vessel of 160 tons reg., about 12 18s cash.

ARGOSTOLI, Greece. Lat. 38° 11 36′′ N; long. 20° 29′ 30′′ E. Pop. 12,000; Sixmi, 8,000. Accn. Anchorage in 3 to 5 fms close to the town, shallow near quay, depth greater and anchorage good at entrance to harb. The principal port in the island of Cephalonia. Charges. Anchorage Id per 5 tons reg.; harb. dues; vessels coming home from a foreign port pay 2d per ton reg. for light and anchorage dues, half of same if coming from any Greek port. They pay, however, id per ton at the port of Sixmi for quay dues, which are always levied in full independently of the light and anchorage charges as above. Argostoli and Sixmi are usually considered (in charter parties) as one loading port. The charge for stowing is 1/3 per ton gross for currants, that for wine and oil is usually 1/6 per ton gross. The charge for the superintending stevedore is 8/ per day, labourers are usually paid from 4/ to 5/ per day. Coal is discharged at 1/3 per ton. Pilotage. Harb. pilotage is not compulsory, but if a pilot be required the usual charge is £1. Towage. There are no tugs at this port, but the ferry-boat that runs between Argostoli and Sixmi is occasionally employed to tow vessels into or out of Argostoli harb., for which the usual charge is 1. Tr.-E. Currants and wine; E. Grain, breadstuffs, cotton, linen, woollen fabrics, coffee, sugar, dried and pickled fish, groceries, iron, hardware, timber, hides, leather, and sulphur, &c. The value of specie, and of drafts and money orders remitted during the year 1891 to their families, by natives trading abroad, was £125,000, independently of breadstuffs, groceries, &c., sent by them, a part of which figure in the imports from abroad. Officials. Harb. Mast., A. Boas, naval officer; Br. Vice-Consul, J. Saunders. ARICA, Chili. Lat. 18° 28′ 5′′ S; long. 70° 20' 30" W. Pop. 2,500. Tr.-E. Wool, cotton, salt, sulphur, and mineral ores. Accn. Open roadstead. Vessels anchor in 6 to Iofms, and are loaded and discharged by lighters. One crane on the mole to lift 3 tons. Charges. Loading and unloading merchandise $4 per Spanish ton. Pilotage. Inward and outward, 3c per re. ton, mooring and unmooring 3c per reg ton. Officials. British Vice-Consul, Edward Hodges Nugent; Lloyd's Agent, C. Bradley.

ARZEW, Algeria. Good and well sheltered anchorage in 4 to 8 fms of water. Accn. Quays with cranes to 3 tons, and a floating derrick to 7 tons. Officials. Lloyd's Agent, J. L. N. Cramer; Br. Vice-Consul, A. Gautray. ASTORIA [See also Columbia river, U.S.]. Lat. 46° 16′ 29′′N; long. 124° 3' 11" W. Entrance, Cape Disappoint ment, 12 miles from sea. Pop. 12,000. Tr. 1891.-I. £21,946; E. £246,585. Accn. There is a lightship, No. 50, Columbia river, 3 miles W. of En. to Columbia river, 2 fixed white lights visible 10 miles, steam blasts of 5 secs. every minute in foggy weather. D. at En. 27ft to 36ft at low tide; width at entrance, 2 miles. Average rise of tide, 7ft. There is 1,200ft of quayage front, with a depth of from 22 to 29ft at low water. Charges. For loading, flour and wheat 35c. or 1/5 per ton of 2,240lbs. preserved salmon 45c, or 1/10 per ton ditto, timber or lumber $1 25c or 5/ per 1,ocoft board measure -. Discharging, coals 40c or 1/8 per ton of 2,240lbs, general cargo 40c to 45c or 1/8 to 1/10 per ton ditto, ballast 35c 1/5 per ton ditto, cost of lining 33/ per 1,000ft, Towage. To and

from sea, 1/5 per reg. ton ballast, laden 1/9, hawser each way £4. Pilotage. From and to sea, paid in the towage, but charge is 16/6 per ft and id per ton over 1,000 tons. Harbour dues, £2 for each shift to harb. pilot. There are no dry docks, but marine ways can take any vessels to 600 tons, harb, land locked, Official. H.B.M.'s Vice-Consul and Lloyd's Agent, P. L. Cherry, AUCKLAND, New Zealand.

Lat. 36° 10" S; long. 174° 47" E. Pop. with suburbs 67,226. The Auckland Harb, consists of an extensive land-locked estuary at the southern end of the Hauraki Gulf, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Tr.-I. English and American manufac tured goods, soft goods, groceries, oilmen's stores, ship chandlery, ironmongery, &c.; E. Gold, timber in spars and sawn, Kauri gum, flax, wool, oil, hides, tallow, rope, frozen meat, fish, fruit, &c. Accn. The outer harb. commences about 6 miles from the North Head, a promontory which forms the northern boundary of the inner harb. (known as Waitemata). The inner harb. is about 15 miles long, by a width varying from 2 miles at the entrance to I mile. The deep channel has an average width of mile. The harb. is completely sheltered from all winds by an outlying chain of islands and the peninsula above referred to, and is capable of affording safe and sheltered anchorage for the whole of the world's navies. There is a D. of 9 fms. at low water ST., which shoals in some places to 5 fms. The tide rises and falls from 8ft to 12ft. The port has excellent appliances and conveniences for carrying on an extensive commerce. Large and commodious wharves (six in number, with various T's) have been erected by the port authorities adjacent to the main streets of the city. These wharves are brilliantly lit with gas, have powerful cranes, and extensive shed accommodation for the housing of cargo. Upwards of 18,000 tons of cargo can be stored at one time. The D. at the Queen-street Wharf is 30ft at low water OST. There is a berthage accommodation at the wharves of nearly 16,500ft. The Ry. communication with the interior runs to the end of the Ry. Wharf. Large export stores for frozen meat are adjacent to the wharf. There are two graving docks -the "Calliope" on the northern shore, and the "Auckland" on the southern. The former is one of the largest and best docks in the world, and has on occasions accommodated two of the largest of H.M.'s war vessels at the same time. Its dimensions are:Length, 525ft; width, 100tt; D. on the sill, 33ft. Facilities for repairs excellent, and appliances complete; 80 ton sheer legs now being provided, and equipment up to date. H.M. ships have preference, otherwise available for any vessel. The Auckland Dock, which is used for smaller vessels, is 312ft long by 65ft wide, and has a D. on the sill of 13ft. Charges. Stone ballast taken from the wharf 3/ ton; sand or other ballast 2/ ton; water 1/ ton; wharfage d net reg ton per day, Sundays excepted. Pilotage. NC. For every sailing vessel not exempted, 3d ton; for every steam vessel not exempted, 2d ton. Towage. There are steamtugs, duly licensed, and several river steamers acting as steamtugs when required. No fixed rates. Auth. The Harb. Board. Officials. Sec. and Treas., J. M. Brigham; Harb. Master and Wharfinger, A. Duder.

AUGUSTA, Sicily. Lat. 37° 13′ 35′′ N; long. 15° 14' E. Pop. 12,000. Tr.-E. Salt, oil, honey, and wine. Accn. The harb. is difficult to enter and a pilot should be