(b) AGE LIMITS.

Candidates must have attained the age of 20 and must not have attained the age of 30 on the 1st of August in the year of application. There is a definite preference for candidates who are under 26, and candidates selected for the Colonial Administrative Service who are over 25 are very unlikely to be allocated for duty in Ceylon, Malaya or Hong Kong.

(c) APPLICATION AND SELECTION.

One annual selection takes place in the summer, usually in August. Completed applications must reach the Director of Recruitment between the 1st of January and the 30th of April in the year of the selection.

(d) TRAINING.

Candidates provisionally selected for appointment to the Colonial Administrative Service are normally required to undergo a course of instruction in this country before embarkation on first appointment. The course commences in October and extends over the autumn, spring, and summer terms at either Oxford or Cambridge University, during which allowances are paid at the rate of £75 at the beginning of the first term, £50 at the beginning of the second and third terms, and £50 on completion of the course.

(e) EAST AND WEST AFRICA.

The average number of Administrative Officers recruited for Tropical Africa from the end of the war until 1930 was 95 per annum.

During this period very considerable enlargements of staff contributed to maintain the average recruitment at this high rate despite the small number of 18 vacancies filled in 1922 as a result of the financial depression prevailing at that time, and a continuation of recruitment at so high a rate was not to be expected. In recent years, however, an average of between 50 and 60 cadets would have been required to replace annual wastage through retirement, etc., without allowing for any increase of staff. In 1930 the actual number of vacancies filled was 74, but in 1931 and 1932 it fell to 20 as a result of the financial depression. In 1933, the number of vacancies rose to 23, in 1934 to 33, and in 1935 to 58. 53 vacancies were filled in 1936, 59 in 1937, and 78 in 1938.

An Administrative Officer may be employed either in the Secretariat of a Colony or in a District. His duties may be very varied. If emploved in a district his functions are of a magisterial and political nature, and he is the immediate agent of the Government in his District, and his responsibilities extend to all departments of the Administration which have no local representative. His duties may involve a considerable amount of travelling.

In West Africa, salaries start at £400 per annum and rise on a long scale to £1,000 per annum in East Africa salaries start at £350 per annum and rise on a long scale to £1,000 per annum. There are higher posts above these scales.

(f) BASUTOLAND, THE BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE AND SWAZILAND.

It was decided early in 1937 that the recruitment for administrative posts in these territories should, in future, be merged into the annual selection for the Colonial Administrative Service, and that officers selected to fill Administrative vacancies in these territories should normally be appointed as members of that Service. 12 candidates were selected in 1937 and 2 in 1938.

The initial salary is £340 per annum.

(g) CEYLON.

Until 1935, administrative officers for Ceylon were recruited on the results of the open competitive examin ation held annually by the Civil Service Commissioners for appointments in the Home, Northern Ireland and Indian Civil Services and for Eastern Cadetships (including Cadetships in Malaya and Hong Kong prior to 1932), but the method of recruitment of European candidates is now merged into that already in force for appointments in the Colonial Administrative Service generally. The average number of European Cadets appointed during the years 1919 to 1931 inclusive was between two and three per annum. Three vacancies were filled in 1936, and two in 1937. No vacancies occurred in 1938.

At the present time Cadets receive a salary of £400 a year until they pass the prescribed examinations, and then £450 a year until they complete two years' service when they are eligible for promotion as Second Class Civil Servants with a salary of £500-£40-£700; £760-£40-£1,000; £1,050-£50-£1,300. The salaries of First Class Civil Servants are, for Grade II, £1,400-£50-£1,550 a year, and for Grade I, £1,600-£50-£1,750 a year; above that there are special appointments (not necessarily reserved for Cadets) with salaries ranging between £1,800 and £3,000 a year.

(h) MALAYA AND HONG KONG.

The average number of Cadets appointed to Malaya and Hong Kong during the period 1919-1931 inclusive was between 9 and 10 annually. Since 1931, the average has been between 5 and 6 annually. In 1937, 7 candidates were appointed, and nine in 1938.

Prior to 1932 these appointments were filled through the competitive examination for Eastern Cadetships, but the method of appointment is now merged into that already in force for appointments in the Colonial Administrative Service generally.

The Cadet Services provide the higher Administrative staff for all the various Government activities including the Secretariats, the Courts, the Treasuries, District and Land Offices, and in Malaya the Residencies in the Malay States.

In Malaya the Cadet starts at $350 per mensem (£490 per annum) and has the prospect of rising eventually to appointments in Class I, with salaries between $1,050 per mensem (£1,470 per annum) and $1,400 per mensem (£1,960 per annum).

In Hong Kong the initial salary is £400 per annum and the appointments in Class I are on a scale of from £1,450 to £1,600 per annum. It should be noted, however, that the scales of salary and the rates of certain allowances in Hong Kong are at present under revision.

In both Malaya and Hong Kong there are special appointments (not necessarily reserved for Cadets) above these scales.

(i) FIJI AND WESTERN PACIFIC.

Normally not more than two vacancies are likely to occur annually for Cadets in FIJI and the Western Pacific. Five vacancies occurred in 1933, but only one in 1934, and one in 1935. In 1936, owing to exceptional circumstances, seven vacancies occurred, and in 1937, eight. Three vacancies were filled in 1938. The duties correspond to those of an Administrative Officer in Tropical Africa.

The initial salary is £350 per annum (local currency without exchange compensation) for Cadets serving in Fiji, and £375 per annum for Cadets serving in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony and the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. In the British Solomon Islands Protectorate a local allowance of £50 a year is also paid.

(j) OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS.

In many Dependencies, including those in the West Indies, vacancies for junior officers in the Administration and Secretariat are usually filled by the selection of local candidates or by promotion or transfer within the Service.

Vacancies may, however, occasionally occur in Cyprus and Palestine. One vacancy in Cyprus was filled in 1937 and two in 1938. One vacancy in Aden was filled in 1938. In Cyprus the initial salary is £360, rising on a long scale to £840 per annum. In Palestine the initial salary is £P.300, rising by annual increments of £P.25 to £P.800 per annum, with an expatriation allowance of £P.50 up to £P.525 and £P.100 after £P.525.

EDUCATIONAL APPOINTMENTS.*

A number of vacancies for junior Educational officers may be expected to occur in any year of normal prosperity. The great majority of these occur in either East and West Africa, or Malaya and Hong Kong. For all the ordinary junior Educational appointments which are dealt with by the Dir or of Recruitment candidates must have a Degree, usually a Degree with Honours, of a British University

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In the case of vacancies which it is required to fill immediately or during the current year (referred to, for convenience, as immediate " vacancies) candidates must, normally, have also a recognised Diploma in Education, or equivalent professional qualification. Failing such qualification candidates who have had sufficient proved experience of school teaching may sometimes be considered. They must have attained the age of 21 and must not have attained the age of 35 on taking up their duties overseas if selected; there is a definite preference for candidates of under 30. It should be noted that, with few exceptions, "immediate " vacancies are filled during the summer. Candidates for " immediate" appointments are, therefore, advised to apply as early in the year as possible.

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Vacancies may also be expected to occur each summer for which candidates having no professional qualification, and little or no teaching experience, are considered (referred to, for convenience, as "course vacancies) on the understanding that, if selected, they will be required before proceeding overseas to undergo a special course of training in Educational method and practice at the University of London Institute of Education. Fees for this course are paid from public funds, and probationers attending it receive an allowance of £20 a month. Candidates for course vacancies, who will often be men expecting to graduate at a University in the current summer, must have attained the age of 204 and must not have attained the age of 30 on the 1st of August in the year of application; there is a definite preference for candidates of under 26. One selection is held annually, usually in August, and completed forms of application must reach the Director of Recruitment between the 1st of January and the 30th of April in the year in which the selection takes place.

In Tropical Africa, while there is one common Educational policy which aims at providing a sufficient and wisely adapted system of education for the Native populations, there are naturally variations of organisation and method in the different Dependencies, and the duties of a junior Educational officer will vary accordingly. In general it may be said that his work demands both skill as a teacher and ability, born of enthusiasm, to participate in and supervise all forms of school activities, e.g. organised games, Boy Scout work, etc., which experience has shown to be of particular value in creating esprit de corps and a sense of service and leadership amongst African native boys. Sooner or later an officer may be called upon to undertake the duties of an Inspector of Schools, though the work of administration is generally confined to the higher appointments in the Education Department.

The scale of salary in East Africa is £350 (for 2 years on probation) rising by annual increments to £840 per annum. In West Africa the present scale is £400-£450 (for 3 years on probation) rising to £840 per annum.

In Malaya and Hong Kong a junior officer is usually appointed as a "European Master for duty on the staff of a secondary school organised on lines somewhat similar to those of a Public School in this country. He will be required to teach either English subjects, or Mathematics or Science up to London Matriculation or equivalent standard. The " English" schools in Malaya are attended by Malay, Chinese and Indian bovs. In Hong Kong there are both Englis and Chinese schools, and also some "Anglo-Chinese "schools, where the study of English and Chinese is carried on side by side. In all cases games, Boy Scout work or Cadet Corps, etc., play an important part. Above the time scale there are a number of senior administrative offices, promotion to which is by merit; and opportunities may occur for appointment to an Assistant Inspectorship, or other post connected with vernacular education, at an earlier stage in an officer's career.

It should be noted, however, that in consequence of the general financial depression comparatively few Educational vacancies have been available since 1931, and it is considered unlikely that there will be any marked increase in the rate of recruitment for the present.

It is proposed, during the year 1938, to constitute a unified "Colonial Education Service."

The scale of salary for European Masters in Malaya is $400 per mensem rising by annual increments to $800 per mensem (£560-£1,120 per annum). In Hong Kong European Masters receive £460 per annum rising to £950. In both cases appointments are in the first instance on three years' probation. It should be noted that the scales of salary and the rates of certain allowances in Hong Kong are at present under revision.

COLONIAL POLICE SERVICE (COMMISSIONED OR EQUIVALENT RANK).

The Colonial Police Service was instituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st of October, 1936.

These appointments comprise Police Probationerships in Ceylon, Malaya, Hong Kong and Palestine; Sub-Inspectorships of Constabulary in British Guiana and Jamaica, and appointments in the Police Forces of East and West Africa, Trinidad and Cyprus.

17 appointments were filled during the years 1932-34 inclusive. 14 appointments were made in 1935, 9 in 1936, 19 in 1937, and 21 in 1938.

The selection takes place in the summer and completed applications must be submitted between the 1st of January and the 15th of March.

Candidates for all appointments must be over twenty years of age on the 1st of January in the year in which selection takes place.

For appointments in Malaya, Hong Kong, and Palestine, candidates must be under 22 years of age on the 1st of January in the year in which selection takes place for all other Colonies, etc., they must be under 26 years of age (22 in the case of Ceylon) on the 1st of August in the year in which selection takes place.

In the case of Police appointments in Tropical Africa, the Secretary of State would, in certain circumstances, be prepared to consider an application from a candidate up to 30 years of age who had had such experience as that of a commissioned officer of His Majesty's Regular Forces, especially one who had commanded native troops with success, and had been recommended for civil employment.

Candidates must be in possession of the School Certificate, or of equivalent or higher educational qualifications. In the case of Ceylon, an Honours Degree of a British University is essential.

Police Cadets selected for Malaya are normally required to take a three months' course in the Malay language at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, during which they receive an allowance of £20 a month.

Candidates selected for Police appointments in Tropical Africa, Ceylon, Hong Kong, Trinidad and Cyprus will normally be required to undergo a year's course of training at the Metropolitan Police College during which they receive an allowance of £175 a year.

Commencing salaries are as follows:-Tropical Africa, between £350 and £400; Hong Kong, £400 (under revision); Ceylon, £380; Malaya, £420; Palestine £300, with pensionable expatriation allowance of £50; Trinidad, £400; British Guiana, £200; Jamaica, £200 (under revision); with other allowances which vary. Salaries in the Far Eastern Services are on a long scale. To take the Malayan Police as an instance. A Cadet who is appointed at £420 receives £490 on becoming a Passed Cadet. On confirmation in his appointment he receives £560 rising by annual increments of £35 to £1,120 a year.

Above this scale there are a number

of appointments on the scale £1,120 to £1,330. The Inspector-General, Straits Settlements Police, and the Inspector-General, Federated Malay States Police, receive £1,680 each.

The duties of a Police Officer in a Tropical Dependency are extremely varied and should appeal particularly to the young man with a taste for an out of door life who would appreciate doing far more responsible work than would normally fall to a man of similar age in this country.

COLONIAL CUSTOMS SERVICE.

The Colonial Customs Service was constituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st of January,

1938.

One selection of candidates to fill vacancies is held annually, usually during July and August, and completed applications must reach the Director of Recruitment between the 1st of January and the 15th of March. An average of six vacancies in Malaya has been filled annually since 1933. One vacancy in Tropical Africa was filled in 1938.

Candidates for appointments in Malaya muat be over 20 and under 22 years of age on the 1st of January in the year in which selection takes place. Candidates for appointments in Tropical Africa and elsewhere must be over 21 and under 26 years of age on the 1st of August in the year in which selection takes place. The minimum educational qualification entitling a candidate to be considered will be the possession of a School Certificate at the date of application or the production of evidence that he has passed some other examination of equivalent or higher standard. It should be noted, however, that a number of candidates selected in recent years have been University graduates, usually with Honours.

Commencing salaries are £350 in East Africa, £400 in West Africa, and Malaya, £420 per annum.

COLONIAL AUDIT SERVICE.

Normally, four or five vacancies may be expected annually and they are filled as they occur.

Candidates must be over 21 years of age and under 26.

The essential qualifications for these appointments are: a good general education, preferably at a University; a natural inclination for figures and accounts; character and ability such as would quality a candidate in due course for the higher branches of the Service.

Selected candidates undergo a short period of training in the Home Establishment of the Colonial Audit Department, during which an allowance at the rate of £20 a month is paid.

Usual commencing salaries are £350 per annum in East Africa and £400 in West Africa, rising to £780 and £810 respectively, with higher posts above these scales.

OTHER APPOINTMENTS OF A FINANCIAL NATURE.

General questions of financial policy and control in the Colonies are dealt with in the central Secretariats, in many of which there is now a separate financial branch staffed by Administrative Officers selected for such work from the general administrative cadre. It is thus possible that when filling vacancies in the Colonial Administrative Service at the annual selection in August, the Secretary of State may occasionally be asked to select a candidate possessing special qualifications and aptitude for dealing with financial and economic questions.

On the other hand, the task of accounting for Government revenue and expenditure is entrusted to a separate department known as the Treasury or the Accountant-General's Department. Officers appointed to Treasury or Accountancy posts are not members of the Colonial Administrative Service, and vacancies in such posts are normally filled by the Crown Agents for the Colonies, 4, Millbank, London, S.W.1, to whom applications should be addressed.

COLONIAL LEGAL SERVICE.

The Colonial Legal Service was constituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st July, 1933. Before 1931, the average number of vacancies filled annually was between 11 and 12, but, on account of the financial depression, considerably fewer appointments were made between 1931 and 1934. 72 vacancies were filled during the period 1935-37 inclusive, and 26 appointments were made in 1938. Vacancies are filled as and when they occur.

The majority of appointments which are filled from outside the Service are for Crown Counsel and Magistrates, for which barristers only are eligible. Occasionally, however, a vacancy occurs for which a solicitor can be considered.

Candidates should be under 40 years of age and should normally have had at least four years' practical experience in their profession.

Initial salaries are seldom less than £600 p.a. and in many cases are substantially higher.

COLONIAL MEDICAL SERVICE.

The Colonial Medical Service was constituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st of January, 1934. Officers are appointed to the Service by the Secretary of State and are liable to be posted at his discretion. The wishes of individual officers are, however, consulted as far as possible, both as regards posting on first appointment and as regards subsequent transfer.

The average annual number of appointments for Medical Officers made during the period 1926-1930 was 97. In 1931, as a result of the general financial depression, the actual number of appointments made was 35 and this figure fell to 12 and 22 in the years 1932 and 1933 respectively. 31 appointments were made in 1934; 48 in 1935; 53 in 1936; 47 in 1937; and 54 in 1938. It is not possible to forecast actual requirements in the immediate future.

Vacancies may occur at any time of the year and are dealt with as circumstances require. Candidates should be under 35 years of age, must be fully qualified and must be on the Medical Register. Preference is given to candidates who have held hospital or public health appointments or who have special knowledge of anaesthetics, radiology, surgery, medicine, ophthalmology, gynecology and midwifery, diseases of the ear, nose and throat, venereal diseases, etc. In the case of Lady Medical Officers, for whom there are occasional vacancies, experience in child welfare work is almost invariably essential.

Selected candidates are normally required to undergo a course of instruction in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene before proceeding overseas.

The majority of vacancies for Medical Officers occur in West Africa, East Africa and Malaya. The vacancies for Lady Medical Officers are usually confined to West Africa and Malaya.

Commencing salaries in West Africa, East Africa and Malaya are normally £660, £600, and £700 per annum respectively, but it should be noted that the salary scales in East and West Africa are at present under revision. Vacancies occasionally occur for Medical Entomologists.

DENTAL SURGEONS.

It is very rarely that a vacancy for a Dental Surgeon occurs. The conditions of these posts vary too much for general information to be given.

COLONIAL AGRICULTURAL SERVICE.

The Colonial Agricultural Service was constituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st of October, 1935. It includes appointments for officers for general investigational, advisory and similar duties, as well as for agricultural specialists, such as botanists, mycologists, entomologists and agricultural chemists. In future, almost all vacancies for agricultural officers and agricultural specialists are likely to be filled by the selection of Colonial Agricultural Scholars on completion of their training (see below). For any further vacancies candidates with University degrees in agriculture or natural science who have continued post-graduate study or research for periods similar to those of Colonial Agricultural Scholars would be most likely to be selected. A few vacancies may also be available, in addition to the above, in connection with the inspection of crops and of produce for export. For these appointments candidates are usually required to be in possession

of a degree or diploma in agriculture or horticulture. The Secretary of State is also occasionally asked to fill vacancies of a definitely horticultural nature in connection with the care of botanic gardens or fruit cultivation. For these a horticultural qualification such as that obtainable at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, or the horticultural diploma of an Agricultural College, is required.

The majority of appointments are filled in July and August, but vacancies may be filled at other times. Candidates should usually be over 21 and under 30 years of age. Commencing salaries usually vary from £400 to £500.

The Secretary of State offers annually in the summer a certain number of Colonial Agricultural Scholarships. These are post-graduate scholarships, tenable in most cases for two years, one of which is spent in this country and the other at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad or some other institution abroad. The scholarships are intended to provide a pool of men trained in agriculture and agricultural science from which vacancies in the Colonial Agricultural Service can be filled. Candidates should possess, or be about to qualify for, a degree in agriculture or natural science. The value of a scholarship is :

(i) Whilst a scholar is in this country; £200 per annum with payment of fees for tuition and, if necessary, of matriculation and examination fees;

(ii) Whilst a scholar is abroad: £225 per annum with payment of passages and of cost of travelling, if required, among the West Indian Islands or elsewhere; and also of tuition fees up to a maximum of £75;

(iii) Each scholar will also receive an allowance not exceeding £5 for the purchase of approved books.

COLONIAL VETERINARY SERVICE.

The Colonial Veterinary Service was constituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st of October, 1935.

Several vacancies for veterinary officers or veterinary research officers may normally be expected to occur annually in the Colonial Veterinary Service. The majority of these vacancies are normally filled by the selection of Colonial Veterinary Scholars on completion of their training (see below), though urgent vacancies may be filled, as and when they occur, by the appointment of candidates possessing the Diploma of Membership of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons or a veterinary qualification obtained in one of the selfgoverning Dominions. Candidates should be over 21 and under 30 years of age on assuming their duties overseas. Commencing salaries in the larger Veterinary Departments vary between £560 and £630 per annum. The Secretary of State offers annually, in the summer, a limited number of Colonial Veterinary Scholarships and Studentships. These are of a post-graduate nature and are intended to provide a pool of qualified candidates from which vacancies in the Colonial Veterinary Service can be filled. It is intended to make not less than four awards annually until further notice. Candidates for Scholarships should possess, or be about to qualify for, a science degree of a British University or some equivalent qualification. A Scholarship wili ordinarily be tenable for four years, to enable the holder to qualify for the Diploma of M.R.C.V.S., and will be of the value of £200 a year, with provision for training fees and an allowance for the purchase of approved books in addition. Candidates for Studentships should possess or be about to qualify for the Diploma of Membership of the Royal Veterinary College or a veterinary qualification obtained in one of the self-governing Dominions. A Studentship will usually be tenable for one year and will be of the value of £300 a year, including provision for training fees; but an allowance not exceeding £5 for the purchase of approved books is payable in addition.

COLONIAL FORESTRY SERVICE.

The Colonial Forest Service was constituted as a "unified" service with effect from the 1st of January, 1935.

A limited number of vacancies for Assistant Conservators of Forests may be expected to occur each year. The average number of vacancies during the past four years has been nine.

For the present, such vacancies will be filled by the selection of graduates in Forestry who will undergo a course of one year's duration at the Imperial Forestry Institute after a period of practical experience in the Colonial Forest Department for which they have been selected. Candidates should usually be over 211 and under 30 years of age. The commencing salaries of Assistant Conservators of Forests vary between £400 and £500 a year.

It is hoped to bring into operation in 1940 a scheme designed to widen the field of recruitment by offering scholarships in Forestry (on the analogy of the Colonial Agricultural and Veterinary Scholarships) for which candidates who have already taken honours in less specialized subjects will be eligible.

ZOOLOGICAL APPOINTMENTS.

Vacancies occasionally arise in connection with mosquito, tsetse-fly, and similar investigations, which are open to graduates in zoology or natural science who have specialised in medical Entomology. Vacancies for entomologists occur, however, rather more frequently in the Colonial Agricultural Service (see above). There are also occasional openings for trained Zoologists in Colonial Fisheries, Game Preservation and Museum Departments.

THE COLONIAL CHEMICAL SERVICE.

The Colonial Chemical Service was constituted as a unified" service with effect from the 1st of January, 1939. Some three or four vacancies are usually available in each year for officers for general analytical work (i.e., as Government Chemists or Analysts). A candidate should usually be over 213 and under 35 years of age. be an associate of the Institute of Chemistry, and should possess a good University Degree in Chemistry. The certificate of the Institute of Chemistry in Branch E. (Foods, Drugs, etc.) is a valuable additional qualiùcation and is sometimes essential. The duties usually include any analytical work required by Government, which falls outside the scope of the Agricultural Chemist (e.g., the examination of stores, foods, drugs, water, ores, etc., and bacteriological and medico-legal work). There are also occasional vacancies for specialists in bio-chemistry for Medical and other Departments. Initial salaries vary between £400 and £600.