Why Socrates Died: Dispelling the MythsW. W. Norton & Company, 8.6.2009 - 288 sivua A revisionist account of the most famous trial and execution in Western civilization—one with great resonance for American society today. Socrates’ trial and death together form an iconic moment in Western civilization. In 399 BCE, the great philosopher stood before an Athenian jury on serious charges: impiety and “subverting the young men of the city.” The picture we have of it—created by his immediate followers, Plato and Xenophon, and perpetuated in countless works of literature and art ever since—is of a noble man putting his lips to the poisonous cup of hemlock, sentenced to death in a fit of folly by an ancient Athenian democracy already fighting for its own life. But an icon, an image, is not reality, and time has transmuted so many of the facts into historical fable.Aware of these myths, Robin Waterfield has examined the actual Greek sources and presents here a new Socrates, in which he separates the legend from the man himself. As Waterfield recounts the story, the charges of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens were already enough for a death sentence, but the prosecutors accused him of more. They asserted that Socrates was not just an atheist and the guru of a weird sect but also an elitist who surrounded himself with politically undesirable characters and had mentored those responsible for defeat in the Peloponnesian War. Their claims were not without substance, for Plato and Xenophon, among Socrates’ closest companions, had idolized him as students, while Alcibiades, the hawkish and notoriously self-serving general, had brought Athens to the brink of military disaster. In fact, as Waterfield perceptively shows through an engrossing historical narrative, there was a great deal of truth, from an Athenian perspective, in these charges. The trial was, in part, a response to troubled times—Athens was reeling from a catastrophic war and undergoing turbulent social changes—and Socrates’ companions were unfortunately direct representatives of these troubles. Their words and actions, judiciously sifted and placed in proper context, not only serve to portray Socrates as a flesh-and-blood historical figure but also provide a good lens through which to explore both the trial and the general history of the period. Ultimately, the study of these events and principal figures allows us to finally strip away the veneer that has for so long denied us glimpses of the real Socrates. Why Socrates Died is an illuminating, authoritative account of not only one of the defining periods of Western civilization but also of one of its most defining figures. |
Kirjan sisältä
Tulokset 6 - 10 kokonaismäärästä 51
Sivu 16
... thing that has ever happened to Athens . He likens the city to a sluggish , dozing horse , and himself to a horsefly , sent by the god to stir it out of its slumbers , and at risk of being swatted dead by the horse's tail . But if this ...
... thing that has ever happened to Athens . He likens the city to a sluggish , dozing horse , and himself to a horsefly , sent by the god to stir it out of its slumbers , and at risk of being swatted dead by the horse's tail . But if this ...
Sivu 17
... thing to call them if some of them had subsequently voted to put him to death . In other words , it is possible that fewer voted to put him to death , so that the margin was perhaps as little as 260 against 240 . - This post - trial ...
... thing to call them if some of them had subsequently voted to put him to death . In other words , it is possible that fewer voted to put him to death , so that the margin was perhaps as little as 260 against 240 . - This post - trial ...
Sivu 23
... things got done . Nothing shows the individualistic nature of Athenian politics more clearly than the extraordinary institution of ostracism . Once a year , since the foundations of democracy had been laid by Cleisthenes in 508 , the ...
... things got done . Nothing shows the individualistic nature of Athenian politics more clearly than the extraordinary institution of ostracism . Once a year , since the foundations of democracy had been laid by Cleisthenes in 508 , the ...
Sivu 26
... things , only a very few of those thousands spoke at any given meeting , while the rest listened , applauded and heckled ) . If we count religious festivals as political - as the Greeks would , since it was part of one's civic duty to ...
... things , only a very few of those thousands spoke at any given meeting , while the rest listened , applauded and heckled ) . If we count religious festivals as political - as the Greeks would , since it was part of one's civic duty to ...
Sivu 28
... things up , but until then laws had arisen piecemeal , without adequate protection against contradiction and vagueness . Written laws were idealized as equalizers , but in practice tradition , gossip and other factors played just as ...
... things up , but until then laws had arisen piecemeal , without adequate protection against contradiction and vagueness . Written laws were idealized as equalizers , but in practice tradition , gossip and other factors played just as ...
Sisältö
3 | |
20 | |
The Charge of Impiety | 32 |
Alcibiades Socrates and | 51 |
Pestilence and War | 67 |
The Rise and Fall of Alcibiades | 85 |
The End of the War | 103 |
Critias and Civil War | 122 |
Symptoms of Change | 139 |
Reactions to Intellectuals | 155 |
Socratic Politics | 173 |
A Cock for Asclepius | 191 |
Glossary | 205 |
Bibliography | 227 |
Index | 247 |
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accused Aegean affair Agora Alcibiades alliance allies ancient Athenian ancient Greek Andocides Anytus aristocrats Aristophanes Aristotle Assembly Atheism Athenian democracy Athenian politics Athenian society Athens's became Cambridge University Press charge Charmides citizens claim Classical Athens clubs comic constitution court crimes Critias death defeat defence speeches democratic dialogue dikasts elite empire enemies Euripides exile fact favour festival fifth century friends gods Gorgias Greece herms hoplite hundred Hyperbolus impiety intellectuals involved Isocrates justice kind Lysander Meletus moral Mysteries Nicias oligarchic coup oligarchs one's ostracism Oxford University Press peace Peisander Peloponnesian Peloponnesian War Pericles Persian person philosopher Piraeus Plato Plato and Xenophon Plutarch poets politician Poteidaea Princeton prosecution prosecutors Protagoras Recollections of Socrates Religion religious repr Republic Rhetoric ritual Samos Sicilian Sicilian expedition Sicily social Socrates sophists Spartans Symposium Theramenes things Thirty thought thousand Thrasybulus Thucydides tion Tissaphernes trial voted wanted wealth Xenophon young