...treaty provides that the lands ceded to the Cherokees "shall in no future time, without their consent , be included within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any State or Territory." Now let us see how gravely and wisely you reason upon that. "Suppose it should suit the policy of the...

...by treaty." The Oregon Territorial Act of 1848 further guaranteed the Indian right to property "so long as such rights shall remain unextinguished by...treaty between the United States and such Indians." The territorial legislation, in fact, declared null and void "all laws heretofore passed in said territory...

...acknowledging that this act could not interfere with treatyreserved Indian political and property rights "so long as such rights shall remain unextinguished by treaty between the United States and such Indians."108 Wyoming became the forty-fourth state twenty-one years later, in legislation signed on...

...Indian Territory, now essentially the state of Oklahoma] shall in no future time without their consent, be included within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any State or Territory."5 vidual ownership and the stripping away of authority of tribal government. More capable...

...to the Cherokee nation, in the foregoing article, shall, in no future time, without their consent, be included within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any State or Territory; but they shall secure to the Cherokee Nation the right, by their National Councils, to make and carry into...

...construed to impair the rights of person or property now pertaining to the Indians in said Territory, so long as such rights shall remain unextinguished by treaty between the United States and such Indians."50 Interestingly, territories such as New Mexico (1850), Arizona (1863), Michigan (1805),...

...construed to impair the rights of person or property now pertaining the Indians in said Territory so long as such rights shall remain unextinguished by...treaty between the United States and such Indians, or include any territory which, by treaty with any Indian tribe, is not, without the consent of said tribe,...

...construed to impair the rights of person or property now pertaining to the Indians in said Territory, so long as such rights shall remain unextinguished by treaty between the United States and such Indians * * *" Section 14 of the act applied the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, 1 Stat. 51, which provided that:...

...ceded to the Cherokee nation in the foregoing article shall in no future time, without their consent, be included within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any state or territory. But they shall secure to the Cherokee nation the right of their national councils to make and carry into...

...solemn guarantee of the United States, be and remain theirs forever. . . . In no future time [shall it] be included within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any State or Territory. — Treaties of 1828 and New Echota, 1835 Treaties were expedients by which ignorant, intractable,...